{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117890794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1010826.1010830","title":"High level language programming environments","display_name":"High level language programming environments","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117890794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1010826.1010830","mag":"2117890794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1010826.1010830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1010826.1010830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111493253","display_name":"Marvin V. Zelkowitz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marvin Zelkowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083817204","display_name":"W. Richards Adrion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5210-6876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311060795","display_name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Richards Adrion","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Science Foundation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Science Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047516262","display_name":"Alfred V. Aho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176714629","display_name":"Bell (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdg8m59","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176714629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred Aho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories","BELL LABORATORIES"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176714629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BELL LABORATORIES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051959560","display_name":"Daniel G. Bobrow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33976269","display_name":"Xerox (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/033q0mv79","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33976269","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726998","display_name":"Fox Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00ffxmn68","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726998"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Bobrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Corporation","Xerox Corporation,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33976269","https://openalex.org/I4401726998"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Corporation,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33976269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020579549","display_name":"Thomas E. Cheatham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-3904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Cheatham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034001693","display_name":"John C. Cherniavsky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311060795","display_name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Cherniavsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Science Foundation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Science Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112796496","display_name":"Susan L. Gerhart","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Gerhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Sciences Institute","[Information Sciences Institute]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Sciences Institute","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Information Sciences Institute]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111815129","display_name":"Gordon Lyon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124755","display_name":"National Institute of Standards","ror":"https://ror.org/02zftm050","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124755"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Lyon","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Standards"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Standards","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124755","https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089221356","display_name":"John A. Nestor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Nestor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie-Mellon University","Carnegie Mellon University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011420760","display_name":"T. A. Straeter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343953105","display_name":"General Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05pyq8e17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343953105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry Straeter","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Dynamics Corporation","GEN DYNAMICS CORP"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Dynamics Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343953105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GEN DYNAMICS CORP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343953105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111493253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23238792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"36","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.7373999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.7373999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.7239999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.7095000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6848317980766296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6707841157913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language-implementation","display_name":"Programming language implementation","score":0.4687633216381073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-generation-programming-language","display_name":"First-generation programming language","score":0.46073147654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.44002389907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language-specification","display_name":"Programming language specification","score":0.4286680221557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-domain","display_name":"Programming domain","score":0.3412308394908905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.3200529217720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-programming","display_name":"Inductive programming","score":0.20888864994049072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6848317980766296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6707841157913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201997060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117406","display_name":"Programming language implementation","level":5,"score":0.4687633216381073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C570499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289116","display_name":"First-generation programming language","level":3,"score":0.46073147654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.44002389907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15077461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248507","display_name":"Programming language specification","level":5,"score":0.4286680221557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119263510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248501","display_name":"Programming domain","level":4,"score":0.3412308394908905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.3200529217720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.20888864994049072}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1010826.1010830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1010826.1010830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76990466","https://openalex.org/W250687109","https://openalex.org/W1505648523","https://openalex.org/W1594275893","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W1966017250","https://openalex.org/W2075682847","https://openalex.org/W2076692115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2235266364","https://openalex.org/W2133376498","https://openalex.org/W2216440867","https://openalex.org/W2039819583","https://openalex.org/W2198524561","https://openalex.org/W2356929711","https://openalex.org/W2376978878","https://openalex.org/W2008516155","https://openalex.org/W3161282940","https://openalex.org/W2023056990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"article":[0],"High":[1],"level":[2],"language":[3],"programming":[4],"environments":[5],"Share":[6],"on":[7,161],"Authors:":[8],"Marvin":[9],"Zelkowitz":[10],"University":[11,14,49,89],"of":[12,15,78,82],"Maryland":[13],"MarylandView":[16],"Profile":[17,28,36,44,52,62,72,84,92,102],",":[18,29,37,45,53,63,73,85,93],"W.":[19],"Richards":[20],"Adrion":[21],"National":[22,25,56,59,76,80],"Science":[23,26,57,60],"Foundation":[24,58],"FoundationView":[27,61],"Alfred":[30],"Aho":[31],"Bell":[32,34],"Laboratories":[33],"LaboratoriesView":[35],"Daniel":[38],"Bobrow":[39],"Xerox":[40,42],"Corporation":[41,98],"CorporationView":[43,101],"Thomas":[46],"Cheatham":[47],"Harvard":[48,50],"UniversityView":[51,91],"John":[54,86],"Cherniavsky":[55],"Susan":[64],"Gerhart":[65],"Information":[66,69],"Sciences":[67,70],"Institute":[68],"InstituteView":[71],"Gordon":[74],"Lyon":[75],"Bureau":[77,81],"Standards":[79],"StandardsView":[83],"Nestor":[87],"Carnegie-Mellon":[88,90],"Terry":[94],"Straeter":[95],"General":[96,99],"Dynamics":[97,100],"Authors":[103],"Info":[104],"&":[105],"Claims":[106],"ACM":[107],"SIGSOFT":[108],"Software":[109],"Engineering":[110],"NotesVolume":[111],"6Issue":[112],"4August":[113],"1981":[114],"pp":[115],"36\u201351https://doi.org/10.1145/1010826.1010830Online:01":[116],"August":[117],"1981Publication":[118],"History":[119],"0citation225DownloadsMetricsTotal":[120],"Citations0Total":[121],"Downloads225Last":[122],"12":[123],"Months1Last":[124],"6":[125],"weeks0":[126],"Get":[127],"Citation":[128,130,167],"AlertsNew":[129,166],"Alert":[131],"added!This":[132],"alert":[133,158],"has":[134,153],"been":[135,154],"successfully":[136],"added":[137],"and":[138],"will":[139,143],"be":[140,144],"sent":[141],"to:You":[142],"notified":[145],"whenever":[146],"a":[147,179],"record":[148],"that":[149],"you":[150],"have":[151],"chosen":[152],"cited.To":[155],"manage":[156],"your":[157,172],"preferences,":[159],"click":[160],"the":[162],"button":[163],"below.Manage":[164],"my":[165],"Alert!Please":[168],"log":[169],"in":[170],"to":[171,175,177],"account":[173],"Save":[174],"BinderSave":[176],"BinderCreate":[178],"New":[180],"BinderNameCancelCreateExport":[181],"CitationPublisher":[182],"SiteGet":[183],"Access":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}