{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003869148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1008992.1009147","title":"Toponym resolution in text (abstract only)","display_name":"Toponym resolution in text (abstract only)","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003869148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1008992.1009147","mag":"2003869148"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1008992.1009147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1008992.1009147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078661113","display_name":"Jochen L. Leidner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1219-4696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jochen L. Leidner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078661113"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.25800445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96522999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"602","last_page":"602"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9354000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8142324686050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7077152729034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5977892875671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5612093806266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5292821526527405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5283452272415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.49434375762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4745881259441376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.4493938088417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.42368364334106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-relation","display_name":"Spatial relation","score":0.4155358672142029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8142324686050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7077152729034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5977892875671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5612093806266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5292821526527405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5283452272415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.49434375762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4745881259441376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.4493938088417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.42368364334106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27511587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178623","display_name":"Spatial relation","level":2,"score":0.4155358672142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1008992.1009147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1008992.1009147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280422768","https://openalex.org/W3143197806","https://openalex.org/W4252555497","https://openalex.org/W3121175838","https://openalex.org/W3016293053","https://openalex.org/W2401723157","https://openalex.org/W2952904874","https://openalex.org/W324626582","https://openalex.org/W4389302559","https://openalex.org/W1690653314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Named":[0],"entity":[1],"tagging":[2],"comprises":[3],"the":[4,18,21,24,54,70],"sub-tasks":[5],"of":[6,69,139,147],"identifying":[7],"a":[8,132,145,160,165,175],"text":[9,148,173],"span":[10],"and":[11,23,27,34,45,58,62,117,162,174],"classifying":[12],"it,":[13],"but":[14,65],"this":[15,35,99,140,180],"view":[16],"ignores":[17],"relationship":[19,36],"between":[20],"entities":[22,29,79,154],"world.":[25],"Spatial":[26],"temporal":[28,55],"ground":[30,170],"events":[31],"in":[32,131,172],"space-time,":[33],"is":[37,49],"vital":[38],"for":[39,151],"applications":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42,115,119,121,159],"question":[43],"answering":[44],"event":[46],"tracking.":[47],"There":[48],"much":[50],"recent":[51],"work":[52],"regarding":[53],"dimension":[56],"(Setzer":[57],"Gaizauskas":[59],"2002,":[60],"Mani":[61],"Wilson":[63],"2000),":[64],"no":[66],"detailed":[67],"study":[68],"spatial":[71,77,152],"dimension.I":[72],"propose":[73],"to":[74,91,168],"investigate":[75],"how":[76],"named":[78,153],"(which":[80],"are":[81],"often":[82],"referentially":[83],"ambiguous)":[84],"can":[85],"be":[86,129,144],"automatically":[87],"resolved":[88],"with":[89,155],"respect":[90],"an":[92],"extensional":[93],"coordinate":[94],"model":[95,157],"(toponym":[96],"resolution).":[97],"To":[98],"end,":[100],"various":[101],"information":[102],"sources":[103],"including":[104],"linguistic":[105],"cue":[106],"patterns,":[107],"co-occurrence":[108],"information,":[109,111],"discourse/positional":[110],"world":[112],"knowledge":[113],"(such":[114],"size":[116],"population)":[118],"well":[120],"minimality":[122],"heuristics":[123],"(Leidner":[124],"et":[125],"al.":[126],"2003)":[127],"will":[128,143],"combined":[130],"supervised":[133],"machine":[134],"learning":[135],"regime.The":[136],"major":[137],"contributions":[138],"research":[141],"project":[142],"corpus":[146],"manually":[149],"annotated":[150],"their":[156],"correlates":[158],"training":[161],"evaluation":[163,177],"resource,":[164],"novel":[166],"method":[167],"spatially":[169],"toponyms":[171],"component-based":[176],"based":[178],"on":[179],"new":[181],"reference":[182],"corpus.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
