{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071907775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1005285.1005329","title":"Extracting mathematical expressions from postscript documents","display_name":"Extracting mathematical expressions from postscript documents","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071907775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1005285.1005329","mag":"2071907775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1005285.1005329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1005285.1005329","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014321482","display_name":"Michael Ying Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0649-9987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071771945","display_name":"Richard J. Fateman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Fateman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, CA","University of California: Berkeley, CA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California: Berkeley, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014321482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3372,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61353315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"305","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9700999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7141953110694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.6365585327148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5594118237495422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/font","display_name":"Font","score":0.5590859651565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.5546504259109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.5075236558914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.494895875453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4702566862106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursion","display_name":"Recursion (computer science)","score":0.41732993721961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.4107036590576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.38136357069015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3698979318141937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.36620649695396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36077558994293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15637949109077454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14734730124473572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7141953110694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.6365585327148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5594118237495422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777737414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4868296","display_name":"Font","level":2,"score":0.5590859651565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5546504259109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.5075236558914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.494895875453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4702566862106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264164","display_name":"Recursion (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41732993721961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.4107036590576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.38136357069015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3698979318141937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.36620649695396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36077558994293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15637949109077454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14734730124473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1005285.1005329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1005285.1005329","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591636484","https://openalex.org/W1872972468","https://openalex.org/W2022971689","https://openalex.org/W2066754979","https://openalex.org/W2104772551","https://openalex.org/W2337343765","https://openalex.org/W2413566842","https://openalex.org/W2799140574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147687867","https://openalex.org/W2582695981","https://openalex.org/W2496907786","https://openalex.org/W2483185727","https://openalex.org/W2612325988","https://openalex.org/W2490611030","https://openalex.org/W3022607756","https://openalex.org/W2043030904","https://openalex.org/W2327192489","https://openalex.org/W2487016776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Full-text":[0],"indexing":[1],"of":[2,31,53,111,120,150,205,247,259,263],"documents":[3,41],"containing":[4],"mathematics":[5,14,75,248,298],"cannot":[6],"be":[7,157,285],"considered":[8],"a":[9,21,65,109,118,141,147,180],"complete":[10],"success":[11],"unless":[12],"the":[13,44,89,98,151,175,206,213,250,260,274,297],"symbolism":[15],"is":[16,76,104,116,235,289],"extracted":[17,152],"and":[18,29,46,50,122,136,209,278],"represented":[19],"in":[20,34,43,58,64,73,88,179,223,290],"standardized":[22],"form":[23,67],"permitting":[24],"both":[25],"searching":[26],"for":[27,249,267],"formulas,":[28],"re-use":[30],"this":[32,126,192,239,270],"information":[33],"(for":[35],"example)":[36],"computer":[37,224],"algebra":[38,225],"systems.":[39],"Most":[40],"produced":[42],"past":[45],"subsequently":[47],"digitally":[48],"encoded,":[49],"even":[51],"most":[52],"those":[54],"potentially":[55],"\"born":[56],"digital\"":[57],"current":[59],"journal":[60,100],"production":[61],"are---at":[62],"best---encoded":[63],"printer":[66],"such":[68,95,228],"as":[69,96,229],"Adobe":[70],"Postscript":[71,142],"[1],":[72],"which":[74,154],"not":[77],"explicitly":[78],"marked":[79],"or":[80,101,169,183,220,231,244],"easily":[81],"identifiable.":[82],"While":[83],"one":[84],"might":[85],"look":[86],"forward":[87],"future":[90],"to":[91,132,134,159,198,215,237,241,284,293],"other":[92],"document":[93],"encodings":[94],"MathML,":[97,171],"common":[99],"textbook":[102],"product":[103],"essentially":[105],"without":[106],"semantic":[107],"content:":[108],"jumble":[110,119],"odd":[112],"characters.":[113],"Sometimes":[114],"it":[115,200,234],"just":[117],"black":[121],"white":[123],"dots!":[124],"In":[125,269],"paper":[127,271],"we":[128,166,172,189,195,272],"demonstrate":[129],"an":[130],"approach":[131],"decoding,":[133],"recognizing":[135],"extracting":[137,296],"mathematical":[138],"expressions,":[139],"from":[140,191,300],"document.":[143],"We":[144,253],"can":[145,155,173,196],"produce":[146],"syntactic":[148],"representation":[149],"expressions":[153],"then":[156],"used":[158],"generate":[160],"various":[161],"forms.":[162],"For":[163],"example,":[164],"if":[165,188],"extract":[167],"TeX":[168,266],"Presentation":[170],"re-typeset":[174],"expression,":[176],"but":[177,288],"perhaps":[178],"different":[181],"size":[182],"font":[184],"family.":[185],"More":[186],"significantly,":[187],"start":[190],"presentation":[193],"information,":[194],"hope":[197],"combine":[199],"with":[201,212],"additional":[202],"contextual":[203],"processing":[204,264],"surrounding":[207],"text":[208],"meta-data":[210],"associated":[211],"document,":[214],"assign":[216],"semantics,(e.g.":[217],"content":[218],"MathML),":[219],"provide":[221],"versions":[222,246],"system":[226],"languages":[227],"Maple":[230],"Mathematica.":[232],"Finally,":[233],"possible":[236],"use":[238],"material":[240],"present":[242],"audio":[243],"braille":[245],"visually":[251],"disabled.":[252],"have":[254],"previously":[255],"addressed":[256],"some":[257],"aspects":[258],"higher":[261],"level":[262],"(parsing":[265],"example).":[268],"address":[273],"only":[275],"first":[276],"stage":[277],"concentrate":[279],"on":[280],"what":[281],"may":[282],"seem":[283],"overly":[286],"simple,":[287],"fact":[291],"difficult":[292],"do":[294],"precisely:":[295],"parts":[299],"text.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}