{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109005117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811232701_0018","title":"Drug Response Pharmacogenetics for 200,000 UK Biobank Participants","display_name":"Drug Response Pharmacogenetics for 200,000 UK Biobank Participants","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109005117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811232701_0018","mag":"3109005117","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33691016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/9789811232701_0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811232701_0018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biocomputing 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811232701_0018","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072601014","display_name":"Gregory McInnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8033-2499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregory McInnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084043782","display_name":"Russ B. Altman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-2905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russ B Altman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Bioengineering, Genetics, Medicine, Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, 450, Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Bioengineering, Genetics, Medicine, Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, 450, Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072601014"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8538,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90730873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":"184","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biobank","display_name":"Biobank","score":0.8992971181869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacogenetics","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics","score":0.8579415082931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-response","display_name":"Drug response","score":0.7798477411270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug","display_name":"Drug","score":0.5997610092163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.42859163880348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.31469106674194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.190353661775589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.13144943118095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.1300942599773407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotype","display_name":"Genotype","score":0.1251741647720337}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116567970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864217","display_name":"Biobank","level":2,"score":0.8992971181869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55775858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152227","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics","level":4,"score":0.8579415082931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994119904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1251001","display_name":"Drug response","level":3,"score":0.7798477411270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5997610092163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42859163880348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.31469106674194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.190353661775589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13144943118095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1300942599773407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.1251741647720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010597","descriptor_name":"Pharmacogenetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010597","descriptor_name":"Pharmacogenetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010597","descriptor_name":"Pharmacogenetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018070","descriptor_name":"Biological Specimen Banks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018070","descriptor_name":"Biological Specimen Banks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018070","descriptor_name":"Biological Specimen Banks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/9789811232701_0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811232701_0018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biocomputing 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33691016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33691016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7951365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7951365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pac Symp Biocomput","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/9789811232701_0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811232701_0018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biocomputing 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515782956","https://openalex.org/W1968604782","https://openalex.org/W1969692023","https://openalex.org/W2016388632","https://openalex.org/W2036420216","https://openalex.org/W2063280109","https://openalex.org/W2082704080","https://openalex.org/W2085734226","https://openalex.org/W2101384748","https://openalex.org/W2102209007","https://openalex.org/W2121732232","https://openalex.org/W2122510079","https://openalex.org/W2129271730","https://openalex.org/W2141475634","https://openalex.org/W2767891136","https://openalex.org/W2795446552","https://openalex.org/W2952446914","https://openalex.org/W2971100262","https://openalex.org/W3029661147","https://openalex.org/W3108978936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326228278","https://openalex.org/W3108978936","https://openalex.org/W46175057","https://openalex.org/W2181320013","https://openalex.org/W4239463189","https://openalex.org/W2144644837","https://openalex.org/W3029735707","https://openalex.org/W2411346722","https://openalex.org/W1964219076","https://openalex.org/W2102859220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pharmacogenetics":[0],"studies":[1],"how":[2],"genetic":[3,79],"variation":[4],"leads":[5],"to":[6,44,82,92,116],"variability":[7],"in":[8,68,86],"drug":[9,16,50,137,144],"response.":[10],"Guidelines":[11],"for":[12,20,118,150],"selecting":[13],"the":[14,36,45,73,113],"right":[15,18],"and":[17,55,63,124,136],"dose":[19,47,139],"patients":[21,64],"based":[22],"on":[23],"their":[24],"genetics":[25],"are":[26,30],"clinically":[27],"effective,":[28],"but":[29],"widely":[31],"unused.":[32],"For":[33],"some":[34],"drugs,":[35],"normal":[37,107],"clinical":[38,84,108],"decision":[39],"making":[40],"process":[41],"may":[42,65],"lead":[43],"optimal":[46],"of":[48,60,78],"a":[49,69],"that":[51,71],"minimizes":[52],"side":[53],"effects":[54],"maximizes":[56],"effectiveness.":[57],"Without":[58],"measurements":[59],"genotype,":[61],"physicians":[62],"adjust":[66],"dosage":[67],"manner":[70],"reflects":[72],"underlying":[74],"genetics.":[75],"The":[76],"emergence":[77],"data":[80,85],"linked":[81],"longitudinal":[83],"large":[87],"biobanks":[88],"offers":[89],"an":[90],"opportunity":[91],"confirm":[93],"known":[94,152],"pharmacogenetic":[95,119,159],"interactions":[96,120],"as":[97,99,140,142,155,157],"well":[98,141,156],"discover":[100],"novel":[101,158],"associations":[102,132,154],"by":[103],"investigating":[104],"outcomes":[105],"from":[106],"practice.":[109],"Here":[110],"we":[111],"use":[112],"UK":[114],"Biobank":[115],"search":[117],"among":[121,127],"200":[122],"drugs":[123],"9":[125],"genes":[126],"200,000":[128],"participants.":[129],"We":[130,147],"identify":[131],"between":[133],"pharmacogene":[134],"phenotypes":[135],"maintenance":[138],"differential":[143],"response":[145],"phenotypes.":[146],"find":[148],"support":[149],"several":[151],"drug-gene":[153],"interactions.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
