{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390814122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2811032324400022","title":"AI-based 3D Metrology and Defect Detection of HBMs in XRM Scans","display_name":"AI-based 3D Metrology and Defect Detection of HBMs in XRM Scans","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390814122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2811032324400022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s2811032324400022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2811032324400022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283707","display_name":"World Scientific Annual Review of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2811-0323","issn":["2811-0323","2811-0331"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Scientific Annual Review of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020941607","display_name":"Richard Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1748-8498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 21-01, Connexis South Tower, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1748-8498","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 21-01, Connexis South Tower, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440006","display_name":"Jie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-0804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 21-01, Connexis South Tower, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 21-01, Connexis South Tower, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032774829","display_name":"Namrata Thakur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namrata Thakur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 21-01, Connexis South Tower, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 21-01, Connexis South Tower, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085704280","display_name":"Ramanpreet Singh Pahwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5613-0515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramanpreet Singh Pahwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 21-01, Connexis South Tower, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5613-0515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 21-01, Connexis South Tower, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36854169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"02","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7756993770599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7620987892150879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6751706600189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metrology","display_name":"Metrology","score":0.5536177158355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5276241302490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5044747591018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45466557145118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.4441407024860382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4332130253314972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.41865724325180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3674207925796509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7756993770599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7620987892150879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6751706600189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195766429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q394","display_name":"Metrology","level":2,"score":0.5536177158355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5276241302490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5044747591018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45466557145118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.4441407024860382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4332130253314972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.41865724325180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3674207925796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s2811032324400022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2811032324400022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283707","display_name":"World Scientific Annual Review of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2811-0323","issn":["2811-0323","2811-0331"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Scientific Annual Review of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5858131275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C210812046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","funder_display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6960108870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A20H6b0151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","funder_display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2012210378","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2115699968","https://openalex.org/W2166706165","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2531793753","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2751665805","https://openalex.org/W2778912981","https://openalex.org/W2782093256","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2951911250","https://openalex.org/W2953070460","https://openalex.org/W2953469440","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963656735","https://openalex.org/W2979907638","https://openalex.org/W2981842371","https://openalex.org/W2990493316","https://openalex.org/W3003258918","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3021472582","https://openalex.org/W3031923721","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3044738063","https://openalex.org/W3090739380","https://openalex.org/W3097499499","https://openalex.org/W3101147785","https://openalex.org/W3114304902","https://openalex.org/W3121873598","https://openalex.org/W3122512728","https://openalex.org/W3127087905","https://openalex.org/W3130976481","https://openalex.org/W3165113620","https://openalex.org/W3174913825","https://openalex.org/W3188464007","https://openalex.org/W3191101389","https://openalex.org/W3208452101","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4285103044","https://openalex.org/W4290466595","https://openalex.org/W4299819903","https://openalex.org/W4312310512","https://openalex.org/W4320027354","https://openalex.org/W4361231028","https://openalex.org/W4380086425","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W6656576598","https://openalex.org/W6822197441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357124094","https://openalex.org/W2387399993","https://openalex.org/W2389739210","https://openalex.org/W2080473508","https://openalex.org/W2949096641","https://openalex.org/W2970686063","https://openalex.org/W4320729701","https://openalex.org/W4254103348","https://openalex.org/W3210378990","https://openalex.org/W3034745255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,81,221],"employ":[4],"the":[5,38,66,83,89,111,114,140,143,188,205,224,246,252,260],"latest":[6],"developments":[7],"in":[8,27,88,101,217],"3D":[9,19,102,128,190],"semi-supervised":[10,59],"learning":[11,16,60,87],"to":[12,36,63,73,105,110,147,203,230],"create":[13],"cutting-edge":[14],"deep":[15],"models":[17,226],"for":[18,92,122,173],"object":[20,150],"detection":[21,76,94,125,151,185],"and":[22,48,52,77,96,152,181,199,207,228,239,251],"segmentation":[23,78,104,225],"of":[24,40,42,69,85,113,142,166,209,213,255],"buried":[25],"structures":[26,47],"high-resolution":[28],"X-ray":[29],"semiconductor":[30,218],"scans.":[31],"We":[32,56,116,233],"illustrate":[33],"our":[34,93,137,194],"approach":[35,138],"locating":[37],"region":[39],"interest":[41],"High":[43],"Bandwidth":[44],"Memory":[45],"(HBM)":[46],"their":[49],"individual":[50],"components":[51],"identifying":[53],"various":[54],"defects.":[55],"showcase":[57],"how":[58],"is":[61],"utilized":[62],"capitalize":[64],"on":[65,149,154],"vast":[67],"amounts":[68],"available":[70],"unlabeled":[71],"data":[72,90,256],"enhance":[74],"both":[75],"performance.":[79],"Additionally,":[80],"explore":[82],"benefits":[84],"contrastive":[86],"pre-selection":[91],"model":[95],"multi-scale":[97],"Mean-Teacher":[98],"training":[99,237,247,261],"paradigm":[100],"semantic":[103,155],"achieve":[106],"better":[107,183],"performance":[108,186,198],"compared":[109],"state":[112,141],"art.":[115],"also":[117,222],"provide":[118],"an":[119],"objective":[120],"comparison":[121],"metrology-based":[123],"defect":[124,184],"with":[126],"a":[127,163,210,235,240],"classification":[129,191],"network.":[130],"Our":[131,157],"extensive":[132],"experiments":[133],"have":[134],"shown":[135],"that":[136,244],"outperforms":[139],"art":[144],"by":[145,249,257],"up":[146],"16%":[148],"7.8%":[153],"segmentation.":[156],"fully-automated":[158],"custom":[159],"metrology":[160],"package":[161],"shows":[162],"mean":[164],"error":[165],"less":[167],"than":[168,187],"2":[169],"[Formula:":[170],"see":[171],"text]m":[172],"key":[174],"features":[175],"such":[176],"as":[177],"bond":[178],"line":[179],"thickness":[180],"provides":[182],"direct":[189],"approach.":[192],"Overall,":[193],"method":[195],"achieves":[196],"state-of-the-art":[197],"can":[200],"be":[201],"used":[202],"improve":[204],"accuracy":[206],"efficiency":[208],"wide":[211],"range":[212],"failure":[214],"analysis":[215],"applications":[216],"manufacturing.":[219],"Finally,":[220],"increase":[223],"flexibility":[227],"adaptability":[229],"new":[231,241],"data.":[232],"propose":[234],"generic":[236],"strategy":[238],"loss":[242],"function":[243],"reduces":[245],"time":[248],"60%":[250],"required":[253],"amount":[254],"48%":[258],"making":[259],"process":[262],"more":[263],"efficient.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
