{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1980504320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840609002007","title":"Dictation of Japanese Speech Based on Kana and Kanji Character String","display_name":"Dictation of Japanese Speech Based on Kana and Kanji Character String","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1980504320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840609002007","mag":"1980504320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793840609002007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840609002007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50006202","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing Of Languages","issn_l":"1793-8406","issn":["1793-8406","2010-0205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082389304","display_name":"Akinori Ito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8835-7877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AKINORI ITO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047440775","display_name":"Hiroaki Kinno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112524849","display_name":"Yamagata University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xy44n04","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112524849"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HIROAKI KINNO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, JapanCurrently with Hitachi Software Engineering Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan","Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, JapanCurrently with Hitachi Software Engineering Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112524849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112524849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025780943","display_name":"Masaharu Katoh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112524849","display_name":"Yamagata University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xy44n04","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112524849"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MASAHARU KATOH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112524849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112342909","display_name":"Tetsuo Kosaka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112524849","display_name":"Yamagata University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xy44n04","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112524849"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TETSUO KOSAKA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112524849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105933825","display_name":"Masaki Kohda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112524849","display_name":"Yamagata University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xy44n04","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112524849"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MASAKI KOHDA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112524849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07901523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"01","first_page":"75","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.949999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kana","display_name":"Kana","score":0.8604172468185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8207501173019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dictation","display_name":"Dictation","score":0.7823216319084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kanji","display_name":"Kanji","score":0.7357480525970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6890298128128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6666529774665833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6431163549423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5925540328025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5893175601959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5663553476333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5657073855400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.537040650844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5172300934791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-synthesis","display_name":"Speech synthesis","score":0.444638729095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.23073098063468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.132573664188385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10475653409957886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158885319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187659","display_name":"Kana","level":4,"score":0.8604172468185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8207501173019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779077324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1087138","display_name":"Dictation","level":2,"score":0.7823216319084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83535845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82772","display_name":"Kanji","level":3,"score":0.7357480525970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6890298128128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6666529774665833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6431163549423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5925540328025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5893175601959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5663553476333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5657073855400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.537040650844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5172300934791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14999030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16346","display_name":"Speech synthesis","level":2,"score":0.444638729095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.23073098063468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.132573664188385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10475653409957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793840609002007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840609002007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50006202","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing Of Languages","issn_l":"1793-8406","issn":["1793-8406","2010-0205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W579363986","https://openalex.org/W1490619519","https://openalex.org/W602395646","https://openalex.org/W56390667","https://openalex.org/W2005219188","https://openalex.org/W173710554","https://openalex.org/W3046887381","https://openalex.org/W2295229969","https://openalex.org/W1533639946","https://openalex.org/W2108724349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"character-based":[3,35],"Japanese":[4,141],"dictation":[5],"method":[6,10,84,112,147],"is":[7,11,148,175],"proposed.":[8],"This":[9],"based":[12,49,69],"on":[13,50],"the":[14,29,46,59,64,67,75,82,86,96,99,109,120,123,137,145,153,166,171,178],"kana":[15],"and":[16,71,90,98,114,122],"kanji":[17],"string":[18],"language":[19],"model":[20],"proposed":[21,146],"by":[22],"Ito":[23],"et":[24],"al.":[25],"First,":[26],"sentences":[27],"in":[28],"training":[30],"corpus":[31,48],"are":[32,43,63],"split":[33],"into":[34],"units":[36],"(CBUs).":[37],"Then":[38],"strings":[39],"of":[40,139],"CBUs":[41],"(CBUSes)":[42],"chosen":[44],"from":[45],"CBU":[47,92,116],"a":[51,133,162],"statistical":[52],"criterion.":[53],"We":[54],"examined":[55],"three":[56],"criteria":[57],"for":[58,95,119,136,150,158],"CBUS":[60],"selection.":[61],"They":[62],"frequency-based":[65,172],"selection,":[66],"mutual-information":[68],"selection":[70],"their":[72],"combination.":[73],"From":[74],"experimental":[76],"results,":[77],"it":[78],"was":[79,106],"found":[80],"that":[81,144],"combined":[83],"gave":[85],"best":[87,167],"result":[88,168,181],"(7.19%":[89],"8.75%":[91],"error":[93,117],"rates":[94,118],"20k":[97,121],"60k":[100,124],"word":[101,125],"vocabulary":[102,126],"conditions,":[103,127],"respectively)":[104],"which":[105,174],"better":[107,176],"than":[108,177],"ordinary":[110],"word-based":[111,179],"(7.61%":[113],"9.15%":[115],"respectively).In":[128],"addition,":[129],"we":[130,164],"carried":[131],"out":[132],"recognition":[134,180],"experiment":[135],"Corpus":[138],"Spontaneous":[140],"to":[142],"confirm":[143],"effective":[149],"not":[151],"only":[152],"read":[154],"speech":[155],"but":[156],"also":[157],"spontaneous":[159],"speech.":[160],"As":[161],"result,":[163],"obtained":[165],"(29.82%)":[169],"using":[170],"method,":[173],"(32.80%).":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}