{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095105825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840609001981","title":"Analysis of Handwritten Arabic Letters Using Selected Feature Extraction Techniques","display_name":"Analysis of Handwritten Arabic Letters Using Selected Feature Extraction Techniques","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095105825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840609001981","mag":"2095105825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793840609001981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840609001981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50006202","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing Of Languages","issn_l":"1793-8406","issn":["1793-8406","2010-0205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036769756","display_name":"Gheith A. Abandah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-809X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114972647","display_name":"University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/05k89ew48","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GHEITH A. ABANDAH","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNiversity of Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNiversity of Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050258368","display_name":"Mohammed Z. Khedher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-7479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114972647","display_name":"University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/05k89ew48","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MOHAMMED Z. KHEDHER","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNiversity of Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNiversity of Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90448306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"01","first_page":"49","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8613680601119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.7937778234481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6623356938362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5719449520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5454597473144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5451842546463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.46222200989723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3214714527130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.05214527249336243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8613680601119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.7937778234481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6623356938362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5719449520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5454597473144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5451842546463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46222200989723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3214714527130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.05214527249336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793840609001981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840609001981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50006202","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing Of Languages","issn_l":"1793-8406","issn":["1793-8406","2010-0205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.665.8464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.665.8464","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.al-mishkat.com/khedher_en/Papers_e/paper_e26.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10890981","https://openalex.org/W273093436","https://openalex.org/W1487429615","https://openalex.org/W1589450660","https://openalex.org/W1622620102","https://openalex.org/W1705768991","https://openalex.org/W1928630823","https://openalex.org/W1988501608","https://openalex.org/W2003910950","https://openalex.org/W2005922699","https://openalex.org/W2009781111","https://openalex.org/W2017787659","https://openalex.org/W2029608730","https://openalex.org/W2041228597","https://openalex.org/W2050828411","https://openalex.org/W2071507457","https://openalex.org/W2083916725","https://openalex.org/W2100072796","https://openalex.org/W2104209319","https://openalex.org/W2105557977","https://openalex.org/W2106268791","https://openalex.org/W2126017095","https://openalex.org/W2142978586","https://openalex.org/W2143872182","https://openalex.org/W2169412488","https://openalex.org/W2170633497","https://openalex.org/W2171927392","https://openalex.org/W2182203479","https://openalex.org/W2340480757","https://openalex.org/W2343946216","https://openalex.org/W2480689313","https://openalex.org/W2520933715","https://openalex.org/W4300191749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326792587","https://openalex.org/W3172144307","https://openalex.org/W3184247917","https://openalex.org/W4235657630","https://openalex.org/W2506551229","https://openalex.org/W2620283452","https://openalex.org/W2038219622","https://openalex.org/W566381545","https://openalex.org/W2315467675","https://openalex.org/W2955052790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,86],"Arabic":[1,20,36,50,87],"letters":[2,21,88],"are":[3,64,81,112],"used":[4],"in":[5,31,97],"many":[6],"written":[7,37],"languages.":[8],"However,":[9],"little":[10],"work":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"done":[14],"to":[15,69],"analyze":[16],"and":[17,60,66,83,110],"characterize":[18],"handwritten":[19,49],"comprehensively.":[22],"Such":[23],"characterization":[24],"is":[25],"important":[26,77],"for":[27],"the":[28,32,53,71,76,94,98,102],"active":[29],"research":[30],"computer":[33],"processing":[34],"of":[35,48],"scripts.":[38],"We":[39],"extract":[40],"carefully":[41],"selected":[42],"features":[43,63],"from":[44,52],"a":[45],"large":[46],"database":[47],"letters,":[51],"letter\u2019s":[54,95],"secondary":[55],"components,":[56],"main":[57,104],"body,":[58],"skeleton,":[59],"boundary.":[61],"These":[62],"studied":[65],"statistically":[67,84],"analyzed":[68],"reach":[70],"targeted":[72],"characterization.":[73],"Observations":[74],"about":[75],"writing":[78],"style":[79],"variations":[80],"presented":[82],"specified.":[85],"have":[89],"multiple":[90],"forms":[91,106],"depending":[92],"on":[93],"position":[96],"word.":[99],"Comparisons":[100],"among":[101],"four":[103],"letter":[105],"(isolated,":[107],"initial,":[108],"medial,":[109],"final)":[111],"also":[113],"presented.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
