{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035495514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840608001846","title":"Annotation and Classification of Three-Character Chinese Synthetic Words","display_name":"Annotation and Classification of Three-Character Chinese Synthetic Words","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035495514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840608001846","mag":"2035495514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793840608001846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840608001846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50006202","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing Of Languages","issn_l":"1793-8406","issn":["1793-8406","2010-0205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046320247","display_name":"Lu Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7982-797X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JIA LU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002196974","display_name":"Masayuki Asahara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-7275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MASAYUKI ASAHARA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072032804","display_name":"Y\u016bji Matsumoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4946-9574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YUJI MATSUMOTO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07749484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"02","first_page":"101","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8445888757705688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6988537311553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6984439492225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morpheme","display_name":"Morpheme","score":0.678092360496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6214854717254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.5633934140205383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5568505525588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5228679180145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4609238803386688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.4564022123813629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2980622351169586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0703570544719696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8445888757705688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6988537311553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6984439492225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165297611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43249","display_name":"Morpheme","level":2,"score":0.678092360496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6214854717254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.5633934140205383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5568505525588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5228679180145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4609238803386688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.4564022123813629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2980622351169586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0703570544719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793840608001846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793840608001846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50006202","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing Of Languages","issn_l":"1793-8406","issn":["1793-8406","2010-0205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46719799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289013130","https://openalex.org/W4241414757","https://openalex.org/W4283366759","https://openalex.org/W2383186719","https://openalex.org/W4206127412","https://openalex.org/W3103292258","https://openalex.org/W2303278641","https://openalex.org/W2356355377","https://openalex.org/W2350316598","https://openalex.org/W1997182898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"lack":[1],"of":[2,5,24,104,120,162,177],"internal":[3,68,102,117,135,143,160],"information":[4,103,144,161],"Chinese":[6,15,43,47,53,86,150,163,178],"synthetic":[7,48,54,87,122,151,164],"words":[8,45,55,60,88,123,165],"has":[9],"become":[10],"a":[11,82,95,126,149],"crucial":[12],"problem":[13],"for":[14,27],"morphological":[16,71,118,170],"analysis":[17,97,171],"systems,":[18],"which":[19],"are":[20],"facing":[21],"various":[22],"needs":[23],"segmentation":[25,153],"standards":[26],"upper":[28],"NLP":[29],"applications":[30],"being":[31],"developed.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"paper,":[35],"we":[36,51,93,108],"first":[37],"define":[38,52],"the":[39,101,105,116,140,159],"conceptual":[40],"differences":[41],"between":[42],"single-morpheme":[44],"and":[46,61,70,73,129,172],"words.":[49,106],"Then":[50],"into":[56,76],"two":[57],"types,":[58],"compound":[59],"morphologically":[62],"derived":[63],"words,":[64],"according":[65],"to":[66,99,113,133,168],"their":[67,134],"syntactic":[69,131],"structure":[72,119],"classify":[74],"them":[75],"more":[77],"specific":[78],"categories.":[79],"After":[80],"making":[81],"survey":[83],"on":[84,90],"three-character":[85,121],"based":[89],"these":[91],"categories,":[92],"propose":[94],"tree-based":[96,141],"method":[98],"represent":[100],"Next,":[107],"use":[109],"machine":[110],"learning":[111],"methods":[112],"automatically":[114],"identify":[115],"by":[124],"using":[125],"large":[127],"corpus":[128],"add":[130],"tags":[132],"structure.":[136],"We":[137,155],"believe":[138,157],"that":[139,158],"word":[142,152,175],"is":[145],"useful":[146],"in":[147],"specifying":[148],"standard.":[154],"also":[156],"can":[166],"help":[167],"improve":[169],"out-of-vocabulary":[173],"(OOV)":[174],"detection":[176],"text.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
