{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399171321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793830924500526","title":"Enhancing misinformation detection using long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) with word embedding techniques","display_name":"Enhancing misinformation detection using long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) with word embedding techniques","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399171321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793830924500526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793830924500526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793830924500526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178434951","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics Algorithms and Applications","issn_l":"1793-8309","issn":["1793-8309","1793-8317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092115948","display_name":"Imane Ennejjai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imane Ennejjai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Intelligent Processing Systems & Security Team, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9660-488X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Intelligent Processing Systems & Security Team, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092115947","display_name":"Anass Ariss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-6862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anass Ariss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Intelligent Processing Systems & Security Team, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-6862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Intelligent Processing Systems & Security Team, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086965264","display_name":"Jamal Mabrouki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamal Mabrouki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Intelligent Processing Systems & Security Team, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3841-7755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Intelligent Processing Systems & Security Team, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089572727","display_name":"Soumia Ziti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5357-9170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumia Ziti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Intelligent Processing Systems & Security Team, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5357-9170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Intelligent Processing Systems & Security Team, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6755,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73394395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"04","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9682000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.914900004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.7852957248687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.7100290060043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6989071369171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-short-term-memory","display_name":"Long short term memory","score":0.6830657124519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.6196439266204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6090012788772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6085136532783508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5697652101516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5566092729568481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4985225200653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.16146984696388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1604965627193451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.10876160860061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08559742569923401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.7852957248687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.7100290060043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6989071369171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133488467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673524","display_name":"Long short term memory","level":4,"score":0.6830657124519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.6196439266204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6090012788772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6085136532783508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5697652101516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5566092729568481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4985225200653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.16146984696388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1604965627193451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.10876160860061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08559742569923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793830924500526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793830924500526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178434951","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics Algorithms and Applications","issn_l":"1793-8309","issn":["1793-8309","1793-8317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996665163","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2609512471","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2778443828","https://openalex.org/W2944575651","https://openalex.org/W2996451497","https://openalex.org/W3007083472","https://openalex.org/W3034436077","https://openalex.org/W3092104607","https://openalex.org/W3119926900","https://openalex.org/W3123526428","https://openalex.org/W3211857123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W947140380","https://openalex.org/W4286432911","https://openalex.org/W4230884544","https://openalex.org/W4245453790","https://openalex.org/W3194985222","https://openalex.org/W3216571906","https://openalex.org/W4214830338","https://openalex.org/W2518587255","https://openalex.org/W4287599800","https://openalex.org/W4385432812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Misinformation":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,26],"pervasive":[3],"issue":[4],"in":[5,29,68],"today\u2019s":[6],"society,":[7],"with":[8],"the":[9,48,57,88],"spread":[10,49],"of":[11,50,59],"false":[12],"or":[13],"misleading":[14],"information":[15],"having":[16],"potentially":[17],"far-reaching":[18],"consequences.":[19],"In":[20,52],"recent":[21],"years,":[22],"there":[23],"has":[24],"been":[25],"growing":[27],"interest":[28],"using":[30,95],"Artificial":[31],"Intelligence":[32],"(AI)":[33],"technologies,":[34],"such":[35,99],"as":[36,100],"Natural":[37],"Language":[38],"Processing":[39],"(NLP)":[40],"and":[41,46,64,84,91,104],"machine":[42],"learning,":[43],"to":[44],"detect":[45],"combat":[47],"misinformation.":[51],"this":[53],"study,":[54],"we":[55],"compare":[56],"performance":[58,94],"Long":[60],"Short-Term":[61],"Memory":[62],"(LSTM)":[63],"Bidirectional":[65],"LSTM":[66,83],"(Bi-LSTM)":[67],"misinformation":[69,79],"detection.":[70],"We":[71,81],"conducted":[72],"experiments":[73],"on":[74,87],"two":[75],"public":[76],"datasets:":[77],"\u201cISOT":[78],"Dataset\u201d.":[80],"trained":[82],"Bi-LSTM":[85],"models":[86],"preprocessed":[89],"datasets":[90],"evaluated":[92],"their":[93],"various":[96],"evaluation":[97],"metrics":[98],"accuracy,":[101],"precision,":[102],"recall,":[103],"F1-score.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}