{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4249970585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x16500045","title":"Deep Learning","display_name":"Deep Learning","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4249970585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x16500045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793351x16500045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x16500045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201727","display_name":"International Journal of Semantic Computing","issn_l":"1793-351X","issn":["1793-351X","1793-7108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Semantic Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017240849","display_name":"Hao Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xing Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["EECS, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102979496","display_name":"Guigang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1543-0770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guigang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["EECS, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA","Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029374880","display_name":"Shang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-5389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["EECS, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017240849"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3005,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":312,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96038038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"03","first_page":"417","last_page":"439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8797768354415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7869899272918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6962645649909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5498837232589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4941888153553009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.49295663833618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46190840005874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4287901818752289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13449779152870178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8797768354415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7869899272918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6962645649909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5498837232589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4941888153553009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.49295663833618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46190840005874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4287901818752289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13449779152870178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793351x16500045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x16500045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201727","display_name":"International Journal of Semantic Computing","issn_l":"1793-351X","issn":["1793-351X","1793-7108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Semantic Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601963269","https://openalex.org/W1983364832","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2072072671","https://openalex.org/W2101926813","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2122585011","https://openalex.org/W2124537004","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2559655401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950066684","https://openalex.org/W2791691546","https://openalex.org/W3179488938","https://openalex.org/W2909645158","https://openalex.org/W3162132941","https://openalex.org/W3124943098","https://openalex.org/W3195829100","https://openalex.org/W3208423683","https://openalex.org/W4225620657","https://openalex.org/W4210841218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,7,64],"is":[2],"a":[3],"branch":[4],"of":[5,14,19,22,31,34,39,62],"machine":[6],"that":[8],"tries":[9],"to":[10,54],"model":[11],"high-level":[12],"abstractions":[13],"data":[15,35],"using":[16],"multiple":[17],"layers":[18],"neurons":[20],"consisting":[21],"complex":[23,45],"structures":[24,46],"or":[25],"non-liner":[26],"transformations.":[27],"With":[28],"the":[29,32,37],"increase":[30],"amount":[33],"and":[36,51,72],"power":[38],"computation,":[40],"neural":[41,66],"networks":[42,67],"with":[43],"more":[44],"have":[47],"attracted":[48],"widespread":[49],"attention":[50],"been":[52],"applied":[53],"various":[55],"fields.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"provides":[59],"an":[60],"overview":[61],"deep":[63],"in":[65],"including":[68],"popular":[69],"architecture":[70],"models":[71],"training":[73],"algorithms.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
