{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031542639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x14500068","title":"Natural Language Generation from Graphs","display_name":"Natural Language Generation from Graphs","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031542639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x14500068","mag":"2031542639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793351x14500068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x14500068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201727","display_name":"International Journal of Semantic Computing","issn_l":"1793-351X","issn":["1793-351X","1793-7108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Semantic Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019546782","display_name":"Thi Ngan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-9068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ngan T. Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044712355","display_name":"Lawrence B. Holder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6586-3144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence B. Holder","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019546782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80431091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"08","issue":"03","first_page":"335","last_page":"384"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8958472013473511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdf","display_name":"RDF","score":0.867599606513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdf-schema","display_name":"RDF Schema","score":0.6775186061859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparql","display_name":"SPARQL","score":0.6720110177993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.6040666103363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5978766083717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-generation","display_name":"Natural language generation","score":0.5600294470787048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-ontology-language","display_name":"Web Ontology Language","score":0.5315309166908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linked-data","display_name":"Linked data","score":0.5186642408370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5122577548027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5030631422996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-analytics","display_name":"Semantic analytics","score":0.4433363378047943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web-rule-language","display_name":"Semantic Web Rule Language","score":0.44210436940193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4217525124549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple-knowledge-organization-system","display_name":"Simple Knowledge Organization System","score":0.4113613963127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.35448700189590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web-stack","display_name":"Semantic Web Stack","score":0.3332509994506836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8958472013473511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147497476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54872","display_name":"RDF","level":3,"score":0.867599606513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15657843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751819","display_name":"RDF Schema","level":5,"score":0.6775186061859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41009113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54871","display_name":"SPARQL","level":4,"score":0.6720110177993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.6040666103363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5978766083717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.5600294470787048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101230327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826165","display_name":"Web Ontology Language","level":3,"score":0.5315309166908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69075417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515701","display_name":"Linked data","level":3,"score":0.5186642408370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5122577548027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5030631422996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148792806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449046","display_name":"Semantic analytics","level":4,"score":0.4433363378047943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71695816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478367","display_name":"Semantic Web Rule Language","level":5,"score":0.44210436940193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4217525124549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2288360","display_name":"Simple Knowledge Organization System","level":5,"score":0.4113613963127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.35448700189590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167379230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026884","display_name":"Semantic Web Stack","level":3,"score":0.3332509994506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793351x14500068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x14500068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201727","display_name":"International Journal of Semantic Computing","issn_l":"1793-351X","issn":["1793-351X","1793-7108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Semantic Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14390946","https://openalex.org/W44013005","https://openalex.org/W89942291","https://openalex.org/W241117969","https://openalex.org/W589528753","https://openalex.org/W787398714","https://openalex.org/W1514976329","https://openalex.org/W1530698336","https://openalex.org/W1553480546","https://openalex.org/W1560721449","https://openalex.org/W1579803652","https://openalex.org/W1582561301","https://openalex.org/W1585196265","https://openalex.org/W1603959541","https://openalex.org/W1645937837","https://openalex.org/W1743173941","https://openalex.org/W1862275504","https://openalex.org/W1976066153","https://openalex.org/W1978210737","https://openalex.org/W1982897610","https://openalex.org/W1985610876","https://openalex.org/W1993977866","https://openalex.org/W2007888579","https://openalex.org/W2039265961","https://openalex.org/W2043147031","https://openalex.org/W2045579205","https://openalex.org/W2068695859","https://openalex.org/W2082661747","https://openalex.org/W2086561324","https://openalex.org/W2090818911","https://openalex.org/W2112169451","https://openalex.org/W2112824353","https://openalex.org/W2119874156","https://openalex.org/W2122184336","https://openalex.org/W2127217276","https://openalex.org/W2133109597","https://openalex.org/W2137826469","https://openalex.org/W2144573571","https://openalex.org/W2146144840","https://openalex.org/W2154829072","https://openalex.org/W2158228966","https://openalex.org/W2320578418","https://openalex.org/W2575901507","https://openalex.org/W2786557940","https://openalex.org/W2971856473","https://openalex.org/W3124386704","https://openalex.org/W4205167092","https://openalex.org/W4210962885","https://openalex.org/W4239696231","https://openalex.org/W6630569435","https://openalex.org/W6630595420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W98206883","https://openalex.org/W2133821701","https://openalex.org/W2234055817","https://openalex.org/W52398911","https://openalex.org/W1496552751","https://openalex.org/W2501878697","https://openalex.org/W203779687","https://openalex.org/W2103446159","https://openalex.org/W2306327671","https://openalex.org/W2027036482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16,90],"Resource":[1],"Description":[2],"Framework":[3],"(RDF)":[4],"is":[5,57,65,128,143],"the":[6,13,26,34,46,55,68,116,147,152,157,161,166,176],"primary":[7],"language":[8],"to":[9,71,81,123,145,169],"describe":[10],"information":[11,114],"on":[12],"Semantic":[14],"Web.":[15],"deployment":[17],"of":[18,36,48,61,105],"semantic":[19],"web":[20],"search":[21],"from":[22,85,94,134],"Google":[23,42],"and":[24,41,63,108,172],"Microsoft,":[25],"Linked":[27],"Open":[28],"Data":[29],"Community":[30],"project":[31],"along":[32,110],"with":[33,111,130,175,186],"announcement":[35],"schema.org":[37],"by":[38],"Yahoo,":[39],"Bing":[40],"have":[43],"significantly":[44],"fostered":[45],"generation":[47],"data":[49,62],"available":[50],"in":[51,137,155],"RDF":[52,56,88,131],"format.":[53],"Yet":[54],"a":[58,75,86],"computer":[59],"representation":[60],"thus":[64],"hard":[66],"for":[67],"non-expert":[69],"user":[70],"understand.":[72],"We":[73,119],"propose":[74],"Natural":[76,91],"Language":[77,92],"Generation":[78,93],"(NLG)":[79],"engine":[80],"generate":[82],"English":[83],"text":[84,185],"small":[87],"graph.":[89],"Graphs":[95],"(NLGG)":[96],"system":[97],"uses":[98],"an":[99],"ontology":[100],"skeleton,":[101],"which":[102],"contains":[103],"hierarchies":[104],"concepts,":[106],"relationships":[107],"attributes,":[109],"handcrafted":[112],"template":[113],"as":[115],"knowledge":[117],"base.":[118],"performed":[120],"two":[121],"experiments":[122],"evaluate":[124],"NLGG.":[125],"First,":[126],"NLGG":[127,149,171,182],"tested":[129],"graphs":[132],"extracted":[133],"four":[135],"ontologies":[136],"different":[138],"domains.":[139],"A":[140],"Simple":[141,153],"Verbalizer":[142,154],"used":[144],"compare":[146,165],"results.":[148],"consistently":[150],"outperforms":[151],"all":[156],"test":[158],"cases.":[159],"In":[160],"second":[162],"experiment,":[163],"we":[164],"effort":[167],"spent":[168],"make":[170],"NaturalOWL":[173],"work":[174],"M-PIRO":[177],"ontology.":[178],"Results":[179],"show":[180],"that":[181],"generates":[183],"acceptable":[184],"much":[187],"smaller":[188],"effort.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}