{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2733252777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793005717400014","title":"A Mathematical Foundation of Big Data","display_name":"A Mathematical Foundation of Big Data","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2733252777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793005717400014","mag":"2733252777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793005717400014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793005717400014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135331755","display_name":"New Mathematics and Natural Computation","issn_l":"1793-0057","issn":["1793-0057","1793-7027"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Mathematics and Natural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047756549","display_name":"Zhaohao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-3271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119444370","display_name":"Papua New Guinea University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/012g45386","country_code":"PG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119444370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149672521","display_name":"Federation University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbzwv83","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}],"countries":["AU","PG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre of Big Data Analytics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Business Studies, PNG University of Technology, Lae 411, Papua New Guinea","School of Engineering and Information Technology, Federation University Australia, P. O. Box 663, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre of Big Data Analytics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Business Studies, PNG University of Technology, Lae 411, Papua New Guinea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119444370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, Federation University Australia, P. O. Box 663, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067132592","display_name":"Paul P. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul P. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6417,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90452996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"02","first_page":"83","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14280","display_name":"Big Data Technologies and Applications","score":0.9729999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.9230285882949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7056146860122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.6366410851478577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4510119557380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.16627588868141174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.9230285882949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7056146860122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.6366410851478577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4510119557380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.16627588868141174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1793005717400014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793005717400014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135331755","display_name":"New Mathematics and Natural Computation","issn_l":"1793-0057","issn":["1793-0057","1793-7027"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Mathematics and Natural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:vital:11779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/158362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400234","display_name":"FedUni ResearchOnline (Federation University Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210158496","host_organization_name":"Australian Federation of University Women \u2013 South Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158496"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:nmncxx:v:13:y:2017:i:02:n:s1793005717400014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1793005717400014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W593727409","https://openalex.org/W1494137514","https://openalex.org/W1864315678","https://openalex.org/W2061916519","https://openalex.org/W2096768134","https://openalex.org/W2103018059","https://openalex.org/W2109574129","https://openalex.org/W2144192824","https://openalex.org/W2153736474","https://openalex.org/W2159128662","https://openalex.org/W2165467455","https://openalex.org/W2171365126","https://openalex.org/W2185907055","https://openalex.org/W2228481026","https://openalex.org/W2261525379","https://openalex.org/W2512710090","https://openalex.org/W2528668861","https://openalex.org/W2574134800","https://openalex.org/W2596181237","https://openalex.org/W2623293810","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2945526390","https://openalex.org/W2946461872","https://openalex.org/W3204636002","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4237124485","https://openalex.org/W4241430965","https://openalex.org/W4243468724","https://openalex.org/W4244781008","https://openalex.org/W4292122152","https://openalex.org/W4293176479","https://openalex.org/W4297081765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322629366","https://openalex.org/W2808989540","https://openalex.org/W2397053934","https://openalex.org/W1039292361","https://openalex.org/W2551093110","https://openalex.org/W2148016376","https://openalex.org/W4237919137","https://openalex.org/W3184179822","https://openalex.org/W3095362084","https://openalex.org/W3003361536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,94,169],"recent":[1],"research":[2,90,187],"evolution":[3],"on":[4,137,161,190],"big":[5,37,54,123,133,153,185,191,196,199,205],"data":[6,38,55,115,121,134,186,192,197,200,206],"has":[7],"brought":[8],"exciting":[9],"aspiration":[10],"to":[11,44],"mathematicians,":[12],"computer":[13],"scientists":[14],"and":[15,77,117,142,179,188],"business":[16,194],"professionals":[17],"alike.":[18],"However,":[19],"the":[20,34,60,63,71,80,110,127,132,138,143,147,152,162,165],"lack":[21],"of":[22,36,62,73,82,96,109,129,131,140,149,151,164],"a":[23,30,46,51,67,99],"sound":[24],"mathematical":[25,48,68,100],"foundation":[26,52],"presents":[27],"itself":[28],"as":[29,50,66,86,106,155,202,204],"real":[31],"challenge":[32],"amidst":[33],"swarm":[35],"marketing":[39],"activities.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"intends":[43],"propose":[45,59],"possible":[47],"theory":[49,139],"for":[53,92,114,184],"research.":[56],"Specifically,":[57],"we":[58,156,175],"concept":[61,72,81,128,148],"adjective":[64],"\u201cbig\u201d":[65,75],"operator,":[69],"furthermore,":[70],"so-called":[74],"logically":[76],"naturally":[78],"fits":[79],"being":[83],"\u201clinguistics":[84],"variable\u201d":[85],"per":[87],"fuzzy":[88,166],"logic":[89],"community":[91],"decades.":[93],"consequence":[95],"adopting":[97],"such":[98],"modeling":[101],"can":[102,177],"be":[103],"profoundly":[104],"considered":[105],"an":[107],"abstraction":[108],"technologies,":[111],"systems,":[112],"tools":[113],"management":[116],"processing":[118],"that":[119],"transforms":[120],"into":[122],"data.":[124],"In":[125],"addition,":[126],"infinity":[130],"is":[135,159],"based":[136,160],"calculus":[141],"set":[144],"theory.":[145,168],"Furthermore,":[146],"relativity":[150],"data,":[154],"find":[157],"out,":[158],"operations":[163],"subsets":[167],"proposed":[170],"approach":[171],"in":[172],"this":[173],"paper,":[174],"hope,":[176],"facilitate":[178],"open":[180],"up":[181],"more":[182],"opportunities":[183],"developments":[189],"analytics,":[193,195],"intelligence,":[198],"computing":[201],"well":[203],"science.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}