{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105060011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026812500046","title":"HUMORAL ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE SYSTEM (HAIS) FOR SUPERVISED LEARNING","display_name":"HUMORAL ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE SYSTEM (HAIS) FOR SUPERVISED LEARNING","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105060011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026812500046","mag":"2105060011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1469026812500046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026812500046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206936884","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","issn_l":"1469-0268","issn":["1469-0268","1757-5885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311754","host_organization_name":"Imperial College Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Imperial College Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103202745","display_name":"Waseem Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-2920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WASEEM AHMAD","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT) Auckland, New Zealand","[School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT) Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053383719","display_name":"Ajit Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-7672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AJIT NARAYANAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT) Auckland, New Zealand","[School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT) Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14903641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"01","first_page":"1250004","last_page":"1250004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7800804376602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clonal-selection","display_name":"Clonal selection","score":0.7370613217353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6605368256568909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6594467163085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6499342918395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-immune-system","display_name":"Artificial immune system","score":0.6047108173370361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5913609862327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clonal-selection-algorithm","display_name":"Clonal selection algorithm","score":0.5021078586578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.47844910621643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44658687710762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.43462392687797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4263955354690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.42441898584365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.42322057485580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.1449691653251648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7800804376602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150780","display_name":"Clonal selection","level":2,"score":0.7370613217353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6605368256568909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6594467163085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6499342918395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93768804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518735","display_name":"Artificial immune system","level":2,"score":0.6047108173370361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5913609862327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778138027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134949","display_name":"Clonal selection algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5021078586578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.47844910621643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44658687710762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.43462392687797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4263955354690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.42441898584365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.42322057485580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.1449691653251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1469026812500046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026812500046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206936884","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","issn_l":"1469-0268","issn":["1469-0268","1757-5885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311754","host_organization_name":"Imperial College Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Imperial College Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1780185704","https://openalex.org/W1859725554","https://openalex.org/W2047555270","https://openalex.org/W2069457154","https://openalex.org/W2073598270","https://openalex.org/W2074081091","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2140832539","https://openalex.org/W2169279815","https://openalex.org/W2316037958","https://openalex.org/W4301208911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374810494","https://openalex.org/W2030638898","https://openalex.org/W2081539367","https://openalex.org/W2389668408","https://openalex.org/W3097375998","https://openalex.org/W2093272700","https://openalex.org/W2127174963","https://openalex.org/W3145928885","https://openalex.org/W2389202567","https://openalex.org/W1873127380"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nature":[0],"over":[1,218],"millions":[2],"of":[3,48,73,136,139,173,182,191,226],"years":[4],"has":[5,53,75],"found":[6],"innovative,":[7],"robust":[8],"and":[9,29,42,65,124,130,147,156,203,216,243],"effective":[10],"methods":[11],"through":[12],"evolution":[13],"for":[14,83],"helping":[15],"organisms":[16],"deal":[17],"with":[18,58],"the":[19,46,100,106,137,174,180,192,204],"challenges":[20],"they":[21],"face":[22],"when":[23,56],"attempting":[24],"to":[25,80,85,167],"survive":[26],"in":[27,36,179,213,222,235],"hostile":[28],"uncertain":[30],"environments.":[31],"Two":[32],"critical":[33],"natural":[34],"mechanisms":[35],"this":[37],"evolutionary":[38],"process":[39],"are":[40],"variation":[41],"selection,":[43],"which":[44],"form":[45],"basis":[47],"\"evolutionary":[49],"computing\"":[50],"(EC).":[51],"EC":[52],"proved":[54],"successful":[55],"dealing":[57],"complex":[59,88],"problems,":[60],"such":[61,118,142],"as":[62,70,119,126,128,143,231],"classification,":[63],"clustering":[64],"optimization.":[66],"In":[67,150],"recent":[68],"years,":[69],"our":[71,134],"knowledge":[72,135],"microbiology":[74,138],"deepened,":[76],"researchers":[77],"have":[78],"turned":[79],"micro-level":[81],"biology":[82],"inspiration":[84],"help":[86,166],"solve":[87],"problems.":[89],"This":[90],"paper":[91],"describes":[92],"a":[93,232],"novel":[94],"supervised":[95,186,237],"learning":[96,187,238],"algorithm":[97,112,176,194],"inspired":[98,132],"by":[99,105,133],"humoral":[101],"mediated":[102],"response":[103],"triggered":[104],"adaptive":[107],"immune":[108,115,140,184],"system.":[109],"The":[110,171,189,224],"proposed":[111,175,193],"uses":[113],"core":[114],"system":[116],"concepts":[117],"memory":[120,227],"cells,":[121],"plasma":[122],"cells":[123,228],"B-cells":[125],"well":[127],"parameters":[129],"processes":[131],"systems,":[141],"negative":[144],"clonal":[145],"selection":[146],"affinity":[148,163],"thresholds.":[149],"particular,":[151],"we":[152],"show":[153],"how":[154],"local":[155],"global":[157],"similarity":[158],"based":[159,161],"measures":[160],"on":[162,197],"threshold":[164],"can":[165],"avoid":[168],"over-fitting":[169],"data.":[170],"novelty":[172],"is":[177,195,229],"discussed":[178],"context":[181],"existing":[183,211],"system-based":[185],"algorithms.":[188],"performance":[190,207],"tested":[196],"well-known":[198],"benchmarked":[199],"real":[200],"world":[201],"datasets":[202],"results":[205,221],"indicate":[206],"not":[208],"worse":[209],"than":[210],"techniques":[212],"most":[214],"cases":[215],"improvement":[217],"previously":[219],"reported":[220],"some.":[223],"role":[225],"highlighted":[230],"key":[233],"feature":[234],"AIS-based":[236],"that":[239],"deserves":[240],"further":[241],"exploration":[242],"evaluation.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}