{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2133838904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026802000737","title":"TOWARDS A HIGH RELIABILITY OF THE PCR AMPLIFICATION PROCESS IN DNA COMPUTING","display_name":"TOWARDS A HIGH RELIABILITY OF THE PCR AMPLIFICATION PROCESS IN DNA COMPUTING","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2133838904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026802000737","mag":"2133838904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1469026802000737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026802000737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206936884","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","issn_l":"1469-0268","issn":["1469-0268","1757-5885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311754","host_organization_name":"Imperial College Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Imperial College Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066030747","display_name":"Masashi Nakatsugawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2322-8609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"MASASHI NAKATSUGAWA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan","Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055668237","display_name":"Satoshi Kashiwamura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SATOSHI KASHIWAMURA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan","Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043496932","display_name":"Azuma Ohuchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AZUMA OHUCHI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan","Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101572257","display_name":"Masahito Yamamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7326-3691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MASAHITO YAMAMOTO","raw_affiliation_strings":["PRESTO, JST and Graduate School of Engineering,  Hokkaido University, Honmachi 4-1-8, Kawaguchi 332-0012 and North 13,  West 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan","PRESTO, JST and Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Honmachi 4-1-8, Kawaguchi 332-0012 and North 13, West 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRESTO, JST and Graduate School of Engineering,  Hokkaido University, Honmachi 4-1-8, Kawaguchi 332-0012 and North 13,  West 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRESTO, JST and Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Honmachi 4-1-8, Kawaguchi 332-0012 and North 13, West 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019528844","display_name":"Toshikazu Shiba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133530","display_name":"Fujirebio (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/03eykgw84","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133530"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TOSHIKAZU SHIBA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Research Division, Fujirebio Inc.,  51 Komiya-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0031, Japan","Frontier Research Division, Fujirebio Inc., 51 Komiya-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0031, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Division, Fujirebio Inc.,  51 Komiya-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0031, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Division, Fujirebio Inc., 51 Komiya-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0031, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133530"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066030747"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1112,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47279411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"02","issue":"04","first_page":"423","last_page":"432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11970","display_name":"Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications","score":0.9501000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7018539905548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerase-chain-reaction","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","score":0.6364821791648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5958905816078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-of-pcr","display_name":"Applications of PCR","score":0.5453755855560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-computing","display_name":"DNA computing","score":0.5025994777679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4986231327056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-displacement-amplification","display_name":"Multiple displacement amplification","score":0.49101781845092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna","display_name":"DNA","score":0.48635655641555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primer-dimer","display_name":"Primer dimer","score":0.47633057832717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerase-chain-reaction-optimization","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction optimization","score":0.4534747898578644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-silico-pcr","display_name":"In silico PCR","score":0.4421554207801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4314075708389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.4117979407310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplex-polymerase-chain-reaction","display_name":"Multiplex polymerase chain reaction","score":0.3388941287994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2327672839164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.21533286571502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.1607009470462799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-extraction","display_name":"DNA extraction","score":0.13283288478851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11681830883026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07155716419219971}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7018539905548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.6364821791648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5958905816078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28134486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Applications of PCR","level":5,"score":0.5453755855560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82047324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177126","display_name":"DNA computing","level":3,"score":0.5025994777679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4986231327056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156385826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341059","display_name":"Multiple displacement amplification","level":5,"score":0.49101781845092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.48635655641555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2902493","display_name":"Primer dimer","level":5,"score":0.47633057832717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186008079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226557","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction optimization","level":5,"score":0.4534747898578644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200658500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112082","display_name":"In silico PCR","level":5,"score":0.4421554207801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4314075708389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4117979407310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90583042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952456","display_name":"Multiplex polymerase chain reaction","level":4,"score":0.3388941287994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2327672839164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.21533286571502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1607009470462799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78063203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3062596","display_name":"DNA extraction","level":4,"score":0.13283288478851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11681830883026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07155716419219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1469026802000737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026802000737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206936884","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","issn_l":"1469-0268","issn":["1469-0268","1757-5885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311754","host_organization_name":"Imperial College Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Imperial College Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56160145","https://openalex.org/W1977312644","https://openalex.org/W1987695816","https://openalex.org/W2184362140","https://openalex.org/W2578481235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922644496","https://openalex.org/W2404129818","https://openalex.org/W3009296485","https://openalex.org/W3049522820","https://openalex.org/W2492977833","https://openalex.org/W4386067115","https://openalex.org/W2143632878","https://openalex.org/W2477034145","https://openalex.org/W2418207979","https://openalex.org/W2278116145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polymerase":[0],"Chain":[1],"Reaction":[2],"(PCR)":[3],"is":[4,19,36,46,84,99],"the":[5,26,30,43,63,80,87,90,103],"most":[6],"important":[7],"experimental":[8],"technique":[9],"in":[10,39],"DNA":[11,17,27,40,54,75,94],"computing.":[12,76],"When":[13],"a":[14,33,50,59],"concentration":[15,52,92],"of":[16,32,53,68,82,89,93],"sequence":[18,28],"too":[20],"small":[21,51],"to":[22,71,101],"investigate,":[23],"PCR":[24,35,57,69,83,97],"amplifies":[25],"by":[29,49,86],"addition":[31],"polymerase.":[34],"frequently":[37],"used":[38],"computing,":[41],"because":[42],"calculation":[44,64],"result":[45],"usually":[47],"represented":[48],"sequence.":[55,95],"Therefore,":[56],"has":[58],"crucial":[60],"influence":[61],"on":[62],"result.":[65],"The":[66,96],"reliability":[67,81],"needs":[70],"be":[72],"improved":[73],"for":[74],"In":[77],"this":[78,109],"paper,":[79],"defined":[85],"reproducibility":[88],"amplified":[91],"protocol":[98],"adjusted":[100],"improve":[102],"reliability.":[104],"Quality":[105],"Engineering":[106],"efficiently":[107],"supports":[108],"adjustment.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}