{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118750654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1230161225500192","title":"Efficient Reconstruction, Benchmarking and Validation of Cross-Talk Models in Readout Noise in Near-Term Quantum Devices","display_name":"Efficient Reconstruction, Benchmarking and Validation of Cross-Talk Models in Readout Noise in Near-Term Quantum Devices","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118750654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1230161225500192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1230161225500192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1230161225500192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27332288","display_name":"Open Systems & Information Dynamics","issn_l":"1230-1612","issn":["1230-1612","1573-1324","1793-7191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Systems &amp; Information Dynamics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060656245","display_name":"Jan Tuziemski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2643-1274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019243323","display_name":"Center for Theoretical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04kfyt897","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jan Tuziemski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015959426","display_name":"Filip B. Maciejewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-1193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143663144","display_name":"Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/022qmyy53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329765538","https://openalex.org/I143663144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019243323","display_name":"Center for Theoretical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04kfyt897","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filip B. Maciejewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland","Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science (RIACS), USRA, Moffett Field, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science (RIACS), USRA, Moffett Field, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143663144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093299987","display_name":"Joanna Majsak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-328X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019243323","display_name":"Center for Theoretical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04kfyt897","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087059","display_name":"Technology Innovation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001kv2y39","country_code":"AE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["AE","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna Majsak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland","Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland","Quantum Research Centre, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Research Centre, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060122840","display_name":"Oskar S\u0142owik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4138-3063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019243323","display_name":"Center for Theoretical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04kfyt897","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oskar S\u0142owik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103032494","display_name":"Marcin Kotowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2675-2580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019243323","display_name":"Center for Theoretical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04kfyt897","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Kotowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039358264","display_name":"Katarzyna Kowalczyk-Murynka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-8187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019243323","display_name":"Center for Theoretical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04kfyt897","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katarzyna Kowalczyk-Murynka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072277160","display_name":"Piotr Podziemski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-0293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019243323","display_name":"Center for Theoretical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04kfyt897","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Podziemski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112485773","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Oszmaniec","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019243323","display_name":"Center for Theoretical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04kfyt897","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136276","display_name":"NASK National Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ajsaw82","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136276"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micha\u0142 Oszmaniec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland","NASK National Research Institute, Kolska 12, 01-045 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASK National Research Institute, Kolska 12, 01-045 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136276"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060656245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019243323"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92691239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"04","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.45210000872612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.45210000872612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.1770000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.11840000003576279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.680400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6456999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5273000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-noise","display_name":"Quantum noise","score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.3497999906539917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.680400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6456999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5547999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5273000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5156000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4912000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111996192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269075","display_name":"Quantum noise","level":3,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179957908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907206","display_name":"POVM","level":5,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1230161225500192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1230161225500192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27332288","display_name":"Open Systems & Information Dynamics","issn_l":"1230-1612","issn":["1230-1612","1573-1324","1793-7191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Systems &amp; Information Dynamics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4542888104915619}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1532834996","https://openalex.org/W2001240121","https://openalex.org/W2047498859","https://openalex.org/W2054324003","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2268604949","https://openalex.org/W2471819066","https://openalex.org/W2562526363","https://openalex.org/W2778498694","https://openalex.org/W2923370183","https://openalex.org/W2941673255","https://openalex.org/W2963421575","https://openalex.org/W2964421692","https://openalex.org/W2965325670","https://openalex.org/W2965632114","https://openalex.org/W2970450884","https://openalex.org/W2982169647","https://openalex.org/W3002088861","https://openalex.org/W3002369622","https://openalex.org/W3005462305","https://openalex.org/W3006823398","https://openalex.org/W3036000280","https://openalex.org/W3037303154","https://openalex.org/W3041379827","https://openalex.org/W3087961421","https://openalex.org/W3092073280","https://openalex.org/W3093093080","https://openalex.org/W3099477842","https://openalex.org/W3107600208","https://openalex.org/W3110217432","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3112338261","https://openalex.org/W3165476717","https://openalex.org/W3178193922","https://openalex.org/W3194929760","https://openalex.org/W3202952713","https://openalex.org/W3204951124","https://openalex.org/W3206088030","https://openalex.org/W3209967515","https://openalex.org/W3212592100","https://openalex.org/W3213131560","https://openalex.org/W3216228299","https://openalex.org/W3216902878","https://openalex.org/W4207046770","https://openalex.org/W4220965202","https://openalex.org/W4225709202","https://openalex.org/W4225725468","https://openalex.org/W4281385034","https://openalex.org/W4288704342","https://openalex.org/W4292651864","https://openalex.org/W4296131983","https://openalex.org/W4310576936","https://openalex.org/W4321610982","https://openalex.org/W4323660344","https://openalex.org/W4323795185","https://openalex.org/W4323836109","https://openalex.org/W4375859090","https://openalex.org/W4376639590","https://openalex.org/W4379056593","https://openalex.org/W4382723421","https://openalex.org/W4386001188","https://openalex.org/W4386607409","https://openalex.org/W4386734525","https://openalex.org/W4387043683","https://openalex.org/W4389377934","https://openalex.org/W4389672456","https://openalex.org/W4389783226","https://openalex.org/W4392862204","https://openalex.org/W4400491805","https://openalex.org/W4400985662"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Readout":[0],"errors":[1],"contribute":[2],"significantly":[3],"to":[4,91,104,117,159],"the":[5,13,35,51,64,84,93,110,166,169],"overall":[6],"noise":[7,19,99,132],"affecting":[8],"present-day":[9],"quantum":[10,31,37],"computers.":[11],"However,":[12],"complete":[14],"characterization":[15,56],"of":[16,54,57,109,137,144,162,171],"generic":[17],"readout":[18,65,85,98,131,155],"is":[20],"infeasible":[21],"for":[22,173],"many-qubit":[23],"devices.":[24,127,175],"Here":[25],"we":[26],"introduce":[27],"an":[28],"appropriately":[29],"tailored":[30],"detector":[32,38],"tomography":[33,40],"protocol,":[34],"so-called":[36],"overlapping":[39],"(QDOT),":[41],"which":[42],"enables":[43],"efficient":[44],"(i.e.":[45],"with":[46,50,165],"complexity":[47],"scaling":[48],"logarithmically":[49],"total":[52],"number":[53],"qubits)":[55],"[Formula:":[58],"see":[59],"text]-local":[60],"cross-talk":[61,119,152],"effects":[62,120],"in":[63,83,153],"noise.":[66],"We":[67,113,128],"show":[68],"that":[69],"QDOT":[70],"data":[71],"provides":[72],"information":[73],"about":[74],"suitably":[75],"defined":[76],"reduced":[77],"POVM":[78],"operators,":[79],"correlations":[80],"and":[81,96,107,124,134,147],"coherences":[82],"noise,":[86],"as":[87,89],"well":[88],"allows":[90],"reconstruct":[92],"correlated":[94,145],"clusters":[95,146],"neighbours":[97,148],"model.":[100,112],"Benchmarks":[101],"are":[102],"introduced":[103],"verify":[105],"utility":[106],"accuracy":[108],"reconstructed":[111],"apply":[114],"our":[115,138],"method":[116],"investigate":[118],"on":[121,168],"79-qubit":[122],"Rigetti":[123],"127-qubit":[125],"IBM":[126],"discuss":[129],"their":[130],"characteristics,":[133],"demonstrate":[135],"effectiveness":[136],"approach":[139],"by":[140],"showing":[141],"superior":[142],"performance":[143],"over":[149],"models":[150],"without":[151],"model-based":[154],"error":[156],"mitigation":[157],"applied":[158],"energy":[160],"estimation":[161],"MAX-2-SAT":[163],"Hamiltonians,":[164],"improvement":[167],"order":[170],"20%":[172],"both":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}
