{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088410426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219878907001368","title":"ROBUST FACE DETECTION FOR MOVING PICTURES UNDER POSE, ROTATION, ILLUMINATION AND OCCLUSION CHANGES","display_name":"ROBUST FACE DETECTION FOR MOVING PICTURES UNDER POSE, ROTATION, ILLUMINATION AND OCCLUSION CHANGES","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088410426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219878907001368","mag":"2088410426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219878907001368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219878907001368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186208447","display_name":"International Journal of Information Acquisition","issn_l":"0219-8789","issn":["0219-8789","1793-6985"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Acquisition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066792784","display_name":"Phuong-trinh Pham-Ngoc","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"PHUONG-TRINH PHAM-NGOC","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Ulsan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452223","display_name":"Taeho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4522-5388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TAE-HO KIM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Ulsan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044448641","display_name":"Kang-Hyun Jo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4937-7082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KANG-HYUN JO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Ulsan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066792784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12809343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"04","issue":"04","first_page":"291","last_page":"302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8974196910858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8209101557731628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7287430167198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.569972574710846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5144610404968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5029487013816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47135797142982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.4502425193786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4420648515224457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4363937973976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.4269281327724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template-matching","display_name":"Template matching","score":0.4118120074272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2793335020542145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.1225491464138031}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8974196910858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8209101557731628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7287430167198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.569972574710846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5144610404968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5029487013816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47135797142982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.4502425193786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4420648515224457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4363937973976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4269281327724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158096908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983303","display_name":"Template matching","level":3,"score":0.4118120074272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2793335020542145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.1225491464138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219878907001368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219878907001368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186208447","display_name":"International Journal of Information Acquisition","issn_l":"0219-8789","issn":["0219-8789","1793-6985"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Acquisition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321026","display_name":"Ministry of Earth Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/013cf5k59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321309","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330019","display_name":"Ulsan Metropolitan City","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525111386","https://openalex.org/W1540273326","https://openalex.org/W1932143030","https://openalex.org/W2101775934","https://openalex.org/W2106075360","https://openalex.org/W2106867955","https://openalex.org/W2107634464","https://openalex.org/W2114543139","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2130275572","https://openalex.org/W2153493250","https://openalex.org/W2466549857","https://openalex.org/W4240153047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999808563","https://openalex.org/W2492432316","https://openalex.org/W2943493782","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4285815683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"detection":[1,116],"has":[2],"been":[3],"a":[4,17,34,95],"key":[5],"step":[6],"in":[7,24,43,82,147],"face":[8,74,84,97],"analysis":[9],"systems":[10],"for":[11,161],"decades.":[12],"However,":[13],"it":[14],"is":[15,76,86,145],"still":[16],"challenging":[18],"task":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,39,53,63],"the":[22,71,104,113],"variation":[23],"image":[25,129],"background,":[26],"view,":[27],"pose,":[28],"occlusion,":[29],"etc.":[30,142],"This":[31,99],"paper":[32],"proposes":[33],"simple":[35],"and":[36,59,91,112,131,158],"effective":[37,146],"tool":[38],"detect":[40],"human":[41],"faces":[42,62,152],"moving":[44],"pictures":[45],"under":[46],"such":[47,134],"conditions.":[48],"An":[49],"improved":[50],"approach":[51],"aiming":[52],"reduce":[54],"impacts":[55],"of":[56,61,103,107,118],"illumination,":[57],"scale":[58],"connection":[60],"receive":[64],"rapidly":[65],"skin":[66],"homogeneous":[67],"regions":[68],"considered":[69],"as":[70,135],"most":[72],"potential":[73],"candidates":[75],"presented.":[77],"A":[78],"hybrid":[79],"classifier,":[80],"applied":[81],"retrieved":[83],"candidates,":[85],"based":[87],"on":[88],"template":[89],"matching":[90],"appearance-based":[92],"method":[93],"providing":[94],"robust":[96],"detection.":[98],"verification":[100],"achieves":[101],"advantages":[102],"powerful":[105],"discrimination":[106],"Local":[108],"Binary":[109],"Patterns":[110],"(LBPs)":[111],"high":[114],"speed":[115],"capability":[117],"embedded":[119],"Hidden":[120],"Markov":[121],"Models":[122],"(eHMMs).":[123],"Experiments":[124],"were":[125],"performed":[126],"with":[127],"different":[128],"databases":[130],"video":[132,138],"sequences":[133],"NRC-IIT":[136],"facial":[137],"database,":[139,141],"Caltech":[140],"Our":[143],"system":[144],"detecting":[148],"not":[149],"only":[150],"frontal":[151],"but":[153],"also":[154],"profile,":[155],"rotated,":[156],"occluded":[157],"connected":[159],"ones":[160],"real-time":[162],"application.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}