{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954232096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021984361950018x","title":"Time-Frequency-Domain Copula-Based Granger Causality and Application to Corticomuscular Coupling in Stroke","display_name":"Time-Frequency-Domain Copula-Based Granger Causality and Application to Corticomuscular Coupling in Stroke","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954232096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021984361950018x","mag":"2954232096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s021984361950018x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021984361950018x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75343556","display_name":"International Journal of Humanoid Robotics","issn_l":"0219-8436","issn":["0219-8436","1793-6942"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Humanoid Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021984361950018x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043694321","display_name":"Qingshan She","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5206-9833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingshan She","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052466577","display_name":"Hang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7888-7359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070109345","display_name":"Tongcai Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131061","display_name":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03k14e164","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165441","display_name":"Hangzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05gpas306","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165441"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongcai Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China","Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165441","https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666361","display_name":"Botao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7826-3121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Botao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036255192","display_name":"Yingle Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7478-9687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingle Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044608144","display_name":"Zhizeng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2689-3455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhizeng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043694321"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5978,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65292145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"04","first_page":"1950018","last_page":"1950018"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.5383257865905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5207048058509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling-strength","display_name":"Coupling strength","score":0.5096685886383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4923034906387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copula","display_name":"Copula (linguistics)","score":0.48409950733184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granger-causality","display_name":"Granger causality","score":0.462909996509552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39476341009140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.35808777809143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3456115424633026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2806263864040375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.22899478673934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2154356837272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21268600225448608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14159700274467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.12293049693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.12063756585121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.10660463571548462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.5383257865905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5207048058509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986219828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193095","display_name":"Coupling strength","level":2,"score":0.5096685886383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4923034906387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17618745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207509","display_name":"Copula (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48409950733184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.462909996509552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39476341009140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.35808777809143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3456115424633026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2806263864040375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22899478673934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2154356837272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21268600225448608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14159700274467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.12293049693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.12063756585121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.10660463571548462}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s021984361950018x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021984361950018x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75343556","display_name":"International Journal of Humanoid Robotics","issn_l":"0219-8436","issn":["0219-8436","1793-6942"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Humanoid Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s021984361950018x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021984361950018x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75343556","display_name":"International Journal of Humanoid Robotics","issn_l":"0219-8436","issn":["0219-8436","1793-6942"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Humanoid Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512468949","https://openalex.org/W1519218134","https://openalex.org/W1983021753","https://openalex.org/W1987658377","https://openalex.org/W1990303997","https://openalex.org/W1996065820","https://openalex.org/W1999879638","https://openalex.org/W2000673369","https://openalex.org/W2002271769","https://openalex.org/W2006874412","https://openalex.org/W2013457650","https://openalex.org/W2016489412","https://openalex.org/W2016539907","https://openalex.org/W2021102124","https://openalex.org/W2041782669","https://openalex.org/W2054225626","https://openalex.org/W2056744998","https://openalex.org/W2070617220","https://openalex.org/W2072852454","https://openalex.org/W2079656335","https://openalex.org/W2081092123","https://openalex.org/W2082257753","https://openalex.org/W2086634665","https://openalex.org/W2101668146","https://openalex.org/W2116031726","https://openalex.org/W2125547659","https://openalex.org/W2144757720","https://openalex.org/W2155982264","https://openalex.org/W2296146392","https://openalex.org/W2305744340","https://openalex.org/W2314638850","https://openalex.org/W2326920257","https://openalex.org/W2396180994","https://openalex.org/W2405546682","https://openalex.org/W2415848849","https://openalex.org/W2617597597","https://openalex.org/W2781772938","https://openalex.org/W2783312324","https://openalex.org/W2801042373","https://openalex.org/W2895311587","https://openalex.org/W2950718631","https://openalex.org/W3012516530","https://openalex.org/W3024390488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254184784","https://openalex.org/W4242807451","https://openalex.org/W126301054","https://openalex.org/W4251195004","https://openalex.org/W2351412012","https://openalex.org/W2127540830","https://openalex.org/W4385681970","https://openalex.org/W2066826592","https://openalex.org/W3141866558","https://openalex.org/W1000855058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,73],"corticomuscular":[1],"coupling":[2,44,255],"(CMC)":[3],"characterization":[4],"between":[5,256],"the":[6,37,43,106,114,124,138,145,150,159,175,190,193,199,204,222,241],"motor":[7,19],"cortex":[8],"and":[9,81,92,101,259,262,272],"muscles":[10],"during":[11,90],"motion":[12,270],"control":[13,271],"is":[14,33,50,67,130,166,182,196,210,228],"a":[15,60,264],"valid":[16],"biomarker":[17],"of":[18,127,134,147,163,170,179,186,207,215,225,232],"system":[20],"function":[21],"after":[22],"stroke,":[23],"which":[24],"can":[25,250],"improve":[26],"clinical":[27],"decision-making.":[28],"However,":[29],"traditional":[30],"CMC":[31,71,115,125,152,161,177,195,205,223],"analysis":[32,109,245,267],"mainly":[34],"based":[35,247],"on":[36,248],"coherence":[38],"method":[39,66],"that":[40,123,133,169,185,214,231,240],"can\u2019t":[41],"determine":[42],"direction,":[45],"whereas":[46],"Granger":[47],"Causality":[48],"(GC)":[49],"limited":[51],"in":[52,117,137,218,235],"identifying":[53],"linear":[54],"cause\u2013effect":[55],"relationship.":[56],"In":[57,173,189],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"time-frequency":[61,107,243],"domain":[62,140,244],"copula-based":[63],"GC":[64],"(copula-GC)":[65],"proposed":[68,242],"to":[69,112],"assess":[70],"characteristic.":[72],"32-channel":[74],"electroencephalogram":[75],"(EEG)":[76],"signals":[77,84],"over":[78],"brain":[79],"scalp":[80],"electromyography":[82],"(EMG)":[83],"from":[85],"upper":[86],"limb":[87],"were":[88],"recorded":[89],"controlling":[91],"maintaining":[93],"steady-state":[94],"force":[95],"output":[96],"for":[97,141,269],"five":[98,102],"stroke":[99,180,236],"patients":[100,181],"healthy":[103,142,187,219],"controls.":[104,143,188],"Then,":[105],"copula-GC":[108,249],"was":[110],"applied":[111],"evaluate":[113],"strength":[116,126,153,162,178,206,224],"both":[118],"directions.":[119],"Experimental":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"descending":[128,208,226],"direction":[129,136,209,217,227,234],"greater":[131],"than":[132,168,184,213,230],"ascending":[135,216,233],"time":[139],"With":[144],"increase":[146],"grip":[148],"strength,":[149],"bi-directional":[151,160,176],"has":[154],"an":[155],"increasing":[156],"trend.":[157],"Meanwhile,":[158],"right":[164],"hand":[165],"larger":[167,212],"left":[171],"hand.":[172],"addition,":[174],"lower":[183,229],"frequency":[191,201],"domain,":[192],"strongest":[194],"observed":[197],"at":[198],"beta":[200],"band.":[202],"Additionally,":[203],"slightly":[211],"controls,":[220],"while":[221],"patients.":[237],"We":[238],"suggest":[239],"approach":[246],"effectively":[251],"detect":[252],"complex":[253],"functional":[254],"cortical":[257],"oscillations":[258],"muscle":[260],"activities,":[261],"provide":[263],"potential":[265],"quantitative":[266],"measure":[268],"rehabilitation":[273],"evaluation.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}