{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111832872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219691315500204","title":"New secure and robust audio watermarking algorithm based on QR factorization in wavelet domain","display_name":"New secure and robust audio watermarking algorithm based on QR factorization in wavelet domain","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111832872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219691315500204","mag":"2111832872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219691315500204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219691315500204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56986848","display_name":"International Journal of Wavelets Multiresolution and Information Processing","issn_l":"0219-6913","issn":["0219-6913","1793-690X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020259367","display_name":"Mustapha Hemis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-0215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157169809","display_name":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb89c09","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mustapha Hemis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Communication and Signal Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P. O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Communication and Signal Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P. O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039067268","display_name":"Bachir Boudraa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1213-1545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157169809","display_name":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb89c09","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bachir Boudraa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Communication and Signal Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P. O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Communication and Signal Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P. O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058743087","display_name":"Thouraya Merazi-Meksen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157169809","display_name":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb89c09","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thouraya Merazi-Meksen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Communication and Signal Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P. O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Communication and Signal Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P. O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020259367"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82228103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"03","first_page":"1550020","last_page":"1550020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.886315643787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.7402895092964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.660307765007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5504119396209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.4843529462814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.47902432084083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4610300660133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.4250229597091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.3779372274875641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3588143587112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34726643562316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32778996229171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3210366368293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-coding","display_name":"Speech coding","score":0.29063254594802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.2820573151111603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1667286455631256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.886315643787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.7402895092964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.660307765007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5504119396209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4843529462814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.47902432084083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4610300660133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.4250229597091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.3779372274875641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3588143587112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34726643562316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32778996229171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3210366368293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.29063254594802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.2820573151111603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1667286455631256}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219691315500204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219691315500204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56986848","display_name":"International Journal of Wavelets Multiresolution and Information Processing","issn_l":"0219-6913","issn":["0219-6913","1793-690X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524144700","https://openalex.org/W1546892833","https://openalex.org/W1598573928","https://openalex.org/W1969548092","https://openalex.org/W1983457661","https://openalex.org/W2007598214","https://openalex.org/W2014466475","https://openalex.org/W2021875970","https://openalex.org/W2023278854","https://openalex.org/W2027911936","https://openalex.org/W2028178185","https://openalex.org/W2028270587","https://openalex.org/W2031343780","https://openalex.org/W2035864681","https://openalex.org/W2059193620","https://openalex.org/W2078974441","https://openalex.org/W2083089497","https://openalex.org/W2083122891","https://openalex.org/W2085655005","https://openalex.org/W2106069707","https://openalex.org/W2107465879","https://openalex.org/W2112589306","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2124890704","https://openalex.org/W2126270135","https://openalex.org/W2131590331","https://openalex.org/W2158322233","https://openalex.org/W2163181067","https://openalex.org/W2166701787","https://openalex.org/W2499905295","https://openalex.org/W4244544475","https://openalex.org/W4301491118"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288","https://openalex.org/W2183032046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"watermarking":[1,40,116],"consists":[2],"in":[3,45,58],"embedding":[4,53],"imperceptible":[5],"information":[6],"into":[7],"a":[8,35,54,80,172,178],"host":[9],"signal.":[10,70,108,124],"It":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"proposed":[14,114],"to":[15,126],"solve":[16],"problems":[17],"as":[18,20,160,188],"varied":[19],"the":[21,24,42,59,74,87,102,105,113,122,149],"protection":[22],"of":[23,62,68,104,121],"copyright,":[25],"content":[26],"authentication,":[27],"fingerprinting":[28],"and":[29,134,145,164],"broadcast":[30],"monitoring.":[31],"This":[32,48],"paper":[33],"presents":[34],"new":[36],"approach":[37,49],"for":[38,91,184],"audio":[39,69,107,115,123],"using":[41,177],"QR":[43],"factorization":[44],"wavelet":[46],"domain.":[47],"is":[50,76,151],"based":[51],"on":[52,86],"watermark":[55,75,96],"binary":[56],"image":[57],"R":[60],"matrices":[61],"low":[63],"frequency":[64],"blocks":[65],"DWT":[66],"coefficients":[67],"In":[71,167],"this":[72,169],"algorithm,":[73],"embedded":[77],"by":[78,176],"applying":[79],"Quantization":[81],"Index":[82],"Modulation":[83],"(QIM)":[84],"process":[85,175],"determined":[88],"optimal":[89],"sample":[90],"each":[92],"matrix":[93],"R.":[94],"The":[95],"can":[97],"be":[98],"blindly":[99],"extracted":[100],"without":[101],"knowledge":[103],"original":[106],"Experimental":[109],"results":[110],"show":[111],"that":[112],"scheme":[117,150],"maintains":[118],"high":[119],"quality":[120],"Signal":[125],"Noise":[127],"Ratio":[128],"(SNR),":[129],"Log":[130],"Spectral":[131],"Distortion":[132],"(LSD)":[133],"Mean":[135],"Opinion":[136],"Score":[137],"(MOS)":[138],"are":[139],"about":[140],"40":[141],"dB,":[142],"0.37":[143],"dB":[144],"4.84,":[146],"respectively.":[147],"Moreover,":[148],"quite":[152],"robust":[153],"against":[154],"common":[155],"signal":[156],"processing":[157],"attacks":[158],"such":[159,187],"noise":[161],"addition,":[162,168],"filtering":[163],"MP3":[165],"compression.":[166],"method":[170],"ensures":[171],"secure":[173,185],"extraction":[174],"private":[179],"key,":[180],"making":[181],"it":[182],"suitable":[183],"applications":[186],"copyright":[189],"protection.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
