{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3174975035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219649221500362","title":"A Deep Learning Model and a Dataset for Diagnosing Ophthalmology Diseases","display_name":"A Deep Learning Model and a Dataset for Diagnosing Ophthalmology Diseases","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3174975035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219649221500362","mag":"3174975035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219649221500362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219649221500362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30163770","display_name":"Journal of Information & Knowledge Management","issn_l":"0219-6492","issn":["0219-6492","1793-6926"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information & Knowledge Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032355103","display_name":"Rehab Duwairi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8366-0949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rehab M. Duwairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Information Systems, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8366-0949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Information Systems, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103139358","display_name":"Saad Al-Zboon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad A. Al-Zboon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081059287","display_name":"Rami Al-Dwairi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4187-4527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rami A. Al-Dwairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043880944","display_name":"Ahmad Obaidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800358669","display_name":"King Abdullah University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02f6hdc06","country_code":"JO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800358669"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Obaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800358669"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63333066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"03","first_page":"2150036","last_page":"2150036"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7010525465011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6679053902626038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6568033695220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5919641852378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.5717236399650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.528969943523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.47771692276000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.4630819261074066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.44662410020828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4244271218776703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42435210943222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.41819214820861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2957846522331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.2911977767944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19281867146492004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.15690457820892334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7010525465011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6679053902626038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6568033695220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5919641852378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.5717236399650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.528969943523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.47771692276000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.4630819261074066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.44662410020828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4244271218776703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42435210943222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.41819214820861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2957846522331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.2911977767944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19281867146492004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.15690457820892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219649221500362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219649221500362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30163770","display_name":"Journal of Information & Knowledge Management","issn_l":"0219-6492","issn":["0219-6492","1793-6926"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information & Knowledge Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:jikmxx:v:20:y:2021:i:03:n:s0219649221500362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0219649221500362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1977793107","https://openalex.org/W1984477756","https://openalex.org/W2013754472","https://openalex.org/W2037789405","https://openalex.org/W2038221289","https://openalex.org/W2047178949","https://openalex.org/W2049694710","https://openalex.org/W2075074742","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2289913085","https://openalex.org/W2418802570","https://openalex.org/W2476461451","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2570893893","https://openalex.org/W2598442119","https://openalex.org/W2768948787","https://openalex.org/W2773475231","https://openalex.org/W2890741060","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963446712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111570720","https://openalex.org/W2732542196","https://openalex.org/W564581980","https://openalex.org/W4315694979","https://openalex.org/W2112343299","https://openalex.org/W4200023151","https://openalex.org/W4221015625","https://openalex.org/W4293340419","https://openalex.org/W4287750952","https://openalex.org/W3211714520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,35,208,278,297],"rapid":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,49,111,152,160,256,266,280,299],"artificial":[4],"neural":[5,10,65,219,243],"network":[6,220,244,272],"techniques,":[7],"especially":[8],"convolutional":[9],"networks,":[11],"encouraged":[12],"the":[13,20,30,40,43,47,83,101,150,158,172,217,226,234,241,259,270,281,300],"researchers":[14,41,72],"to":[15,24,28,57,70,81,122,166,184,190,196,204,223,233,258,263,286,307],"adapt":[16],"such":[17],"techniques":[18,80],"in":[19,32,42,76,85,120,231],"medical":[21,44],"domain.":[22],"Specifically,":[23],"provide":[25,90],"assist":[26,71],"tools":[27],"help":[29],"professionals":[31],"patients\u2019":[33],"diagnosis.":[34],"main":[36],"problem":[37],"faced":[38],"by":[39,177,303],"domain":[45],"is":[46,157,212,221,273],"lack":[48],"available":[50],"annotated":[51],"datasets":[52],"which":[53,194,202],"can":[54],"be":[55],"used":[56,274],"train":[58],"and":[59,62,146,171,200,247,288,292,309,313],"evaluate":[60],"large":[61],"complex":[63],"deep":[64,78,218],"networks.":[66],"In":[67,237],"this":[68,155,185],"paper,":[69],"who":[73],"are":[74],"interested":[75],"applying":[77],"learning":[79],"aid":[82],"ophthalmologists":[84,99],"diagnosing":[86],"eye-related":[87],"diseases,":[88],"we":[89],"an":[91,253],"optical":[92],"coherence":[93],"tomography":[94],"dataset":[95,109,156],"with":[96,98],"collaboration":[97],"from":[100,169],"King":[102],"Abdullah":[103],"University":[104],"Hospital,":[105],"Irbid,":[106],"Jordan.":[107],"This":[108,250],"consists":[110],"21,991":[112],"OCT":[113],"images":[114,124,164,193,201],"distributed":[115],"over":[116],"seven":[117,227],"eye":[118],"diseases":[119,228],"addition":[121,232],"normal":[123,235],"(no":[125],"disease),":[126],"namely,":[127],"Choroidal":[128],"Neovascularisation,":[129],"Full":[130],"Macular":[131,136,143],"Hole":[132],"(Full":[133],"Thickness),":[134],"Partial":[135],"Hole,":[137],"Central":[138],"Serous":[139],"Retinopathy,":[140],"Geographic":[141],"atrophy,":[142],"Retinal":[144],"Oedema,":[145],"Vitreomacular":[147],"Traction.":[148],"To":[149],"best":[151],"our":[153],"knowledge,":[154],"largest":[159],"its":[161],"kind,":[162],"where":[163,216],"belong":[165,195,203],"actual":[167],"patients":[168],"Jordan":[170],"annotation":[173],"was":[174,245],"carried":[175],"out":[176],"ophthalmologists.":[178],"Two":[179],"classification":[180,189,210,239,268,283],"tasks":[181],"were":[182,284,305],"applied":[183],"dataset;":[186],"a":[187,213],"binary":[188,282],"distinguish":[191,224],"between":[192,225],"healthy":[197],"eyes":[198,206],"(normal)":[199],"diseased":[205],"(abnormal).":[207],"second":[209],"task":[211],"multi-class":[214,301],"classification,":[215,302],"trained":[222],"listed":[229],"above":[230],"case.":[236],"both":[238],"tasks,":[240],"U-Net":[242,261],"modified":[246],"subsequently":[248],"utilised.":[249],"modification":[251],"adds":[252],"additional":[254],"block":[255],"layers":[257],"original":[260,271],"model":[262],"become":[264],"capable":[265],"handling":[267],"as":[269,290,311],"for":[275],"image":[276],"segmentation.":[277],"results":[279,298],"equal":[285,306],"84.90%":[287],"69.50%":[289],"accuracy":[291,312],"quadratic":[293,314],"weighted":[294,315],"kappa,":[295,316],"respectively.":[296,317],"contrast,":[304],"63.68%":[308],"66.06%":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}