{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037304131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500125","title":"APPROACHES TO LENIENCY REDUCTION IN MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING WITH INTERVAL-VALUED FUZZY SETS AND AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS","display_name":"APPROACHES TO LENIENCY REDUCTION IN MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING WITH INTERVAL-VALUED FUZZY SETS AND AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037304131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500125","mag":"2037304131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219622012500125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207089700","display_name":"International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making","issn_l":"0219-6220","issn":["0219-6220","1793-6845"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Technology &amp; Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040477292","display_name":"Ting\u2010Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-4139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173093425","display_name":"Chang Gung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d80zx46","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"TING-YU CHEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Department of Industrial and Business Management, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Department of Industrial and Business Management, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040477292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89034626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"03","first_page":"579","last_page":"608"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12135","display_name":"Fuzzy Systems and Optimization","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.7381995320320129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6977348327636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.6327775716781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5746425986289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5334850549697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighted-arithmetic-mean","display_name":"Weighted arithmetic mean","score":0.425688236951828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membership-function","display_name":"Membership function","score":0.4176212251186371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4051853120326996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.38752758502960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31720811128616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20146241784095764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.7381995320320129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6977348327636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6327775716781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5746425986289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5334850549697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9490382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729113","display_name":"Weighted arithmetic mean","level":2,"score":0.425688236951828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5263885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967302","display_name":"Membership function","level":4,"score":0.4176212251186371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4051853120326996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.38752758502960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31720811128616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20146241784095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219622012500125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207089700","display_name":"International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making","issn_l":"0219-6220","issn":["0219-6220","1793-6845"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Technology &amp; Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:ijitdm:v:11:y:2012:i:03:n:s0219622012500125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0219622012500125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:ijitdm:v:11:y:2012:i:03:p:579-608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&amp;id=pii:S0219622012500125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38296636","https://openalex.org/W173895910","https://openalex.org/W1966808269","https://openalex.org/W1971292658","https://openalex.org/W1984086474","https://openalex.org/W1989995659","https://openalex.org/W1993472498","https://openalex.org/W1997791828","https://openalex.org/W1998178845","https://openalex.org/W1998631439","https://openalex.org/W1998661617","https://openalex.org/W2001276576","https://openalex.org/W2005402032","https://openalex.org/W2017977229","https://openalex.org/W2018710191","https://openalex.org/W2020521628","https://openalex.org/W2025280753","https://openalex.org/W2030428095","https://openalex.org/W2034167412","https://openalex.org/W2035700617","https://openalex.org/W2040901351","https://openalex.org/W2041946752","https://openalex.org/W2046877197","https://openalex.org/W2047739471","https://openalex.org/W2049552194","https://openalex.org/W2061033850","https://openalex.org/W2063202994","https://openalex.org/W2082242361","https://openalex.org/W2085440944","https://openalex.org/W2090169352","https://openalex.org/W2093878814","https://openalex.org/W2101133662","https://openalex.org/W2110373411","https://openalex.org/W2113532413","https://openalex.org/W2131114961","https://openalex.org/W2134690501","https://openalex.org/W2138331133","https://openalex.org/W2147228094","https://openalex.org/W2157041604","https://openalex.org/W2157339075","https://openalex.org/W2171710547","https://openalex.org/W2506768821","https://openalex.org/W3121302909","https://openalex.org/W3126063877","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W4246233987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026253030","https://openalex.org/W603486166","https://openalex.org/W1918420125","https://openalex.org/W2032815137","https://openalex.org/W2173034867","https://openalex.org/W1993452631","https://openalex.org/W2373410059","https://openalex.org/W4367051809","https://openalex.org/W2383367798","https://openalex.org/W2053484072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,48,158],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,15,34,44,56,95,100,107,162,176],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"is":[5,59,119,143,187],"to":[6,39,91,121,152],"present":[7],"a":[8,169],"useful":[9],"method":[10],"for":[11,51,125,132,183],"estimating":[12],"the":[13,19,53,93,104,126,163,184],"importance":[14],"criteria":[16,24,78,127,156],"and":[17,97,111,128,149,160,196],"reducing":[18],"leniency":[20,73],"bias":[21],"in":[22],"multiple":[23,155],"decision":[25],"analysis":[26,175],"based":[27,62],"on":[28,63,191],"interval-valued":[29,45,139,177],"fuzzy":[30,46,140,178],"sets.":[31],"Several":[32],"types":[33],"net":[35],"predispositions":[36],"are":[37,79,89,166],"defined":[38],"represent":[40],"an":[41,115,173],"aggregated":[42],"effect":[43],"evaluations.":[47],"suitability":[49,110,130],"function":[50],"measuring":[52],"overall":[54],"evaluation":[55],"each":[57],"alternative":[58,133],"then":[60],"determined":[61],"simple":[64],"additive":[65],"weighting":[66],"(SAW)":[67],"methods.":[68],"Because":[69],"positive":[70],"or":[71,83],"negative":[72],"may":[74],"exist":[75],"when":[76],"most":[77],"assigned":[80],"unduly":[81],"high":[82],"low":[84],"ratings,":[85],"respectively,":[86],"deviation":[87,113],"variables":[88],"introduced":[90],"mitigate":[92],"effects":[94],"overestimated":[96],"underestimated":[98],"ratings":[99],"criterion":[101,185],"importance.":[102],"Considering":[103],"two":[105],"objectives":[106],"maximal":[108],"weighted":[109],"minimal":[112],"values,":[114],"integrated":[116],"programming":[117],"model":[118],"proposed":[120,164],"compute":[122,153],"optimal":[123,154],"weights":[124,186],"corresponding":[129],"degrees":[131],"rankings.":[134],"A":[135],"flexible":[136],"algorithm":[137],"using":[138],"SAW":[141],"methods":[142,165],"established":[144],"by":[145,168],"considering":[146],"both":[147],"objective":[148],"subjective":[150],"information":[151],"decisions.":[157],"feasibility":[159],"effectiveness":[161],"illustrated":[167],"numerical":[170],"example.":[171],"Finally,":[172],"experimental":[174],"rankings":[179],"given":[180],"different":[181],"conditions":[182],"conducted":[188],"with":[189],"discussions":[190],"average":[192],"Spearman":[193],"correlation":[194],"coefficients":[195],"contradiction":[197],"rates.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
