{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1988290337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219622005001507","title":"FINDING OUTLIERS AT MULTIPLE SCALES","display_name":"FINDING OUTLIERS AT MULTIPLE SCALES","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1988290337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219622005001507","mag":"1988290337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219622005001507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219622005001507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207089700","display_name":"International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making","issn_l":"0219-6220","issn":["0219-6220","1793-6845"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102586041","display_name":"Tianmin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0647-9103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165736","display_name":"Hanshan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05tqaz865","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165736"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TIANMIN HU","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Information Technology, HanShan Normal University, Chaozhou, GuangDong, China 521041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Information Technology, HanShan Normal University, Chaozhou, GuangDong, China 521041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165736"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113588307","display_name":"Sam Yuan Sung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SAM YUAN SUNG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10093636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"04","issue":"02","first_page":"251","last_page":"262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.8968002796173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7235453128814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.6762894988059998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5882919430732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5794712901115417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5606165528297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5487585067749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5473079085350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.524249792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48290371894836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4408611059188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3286624252796173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2930852770805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.11825603246688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10173720121383667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.8968002796173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7235453128814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.6762894988059998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5882919430732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5794712901115417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5606165528297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5487585067749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5473079085350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.524249792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48290371894836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4408611059188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3286624252796173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2930852770805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.11825603246688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10173720121383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219622005001507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219622005001507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207089700","display_name":"International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making","issn_l":"0219-6220","issn":["0219-6220","1793-6845"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/39316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/39316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.85.9480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.85.9480","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cosc.southtexascollege.edu/ssung/publication/outlierMDV.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:ijitdm:v:04:y:2005:i:02:n:s0219622005001507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0219622005001507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:ijitdm:v:04:y:2005:i:02:p:251-262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0219622005001507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175193499","https://openalex.org/W204779855","https://openalex.org/W1493454437","https://openalex.org/W1517113043","https://openalex.org/W1556344493","https://openalex.org/W1660133578","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1956559956","https://openalex.org/W1970655212","https://openalex.org/W2035006576","https://openalex.org/W2049058890","https://openalex.org/W2061122559","https://openalex.org/W2061240327","https://openalex.org/W2067086051","https://openalex.org/W2098290609","https://openalex.org/W2126626732","https://openalex.org/W2129281431","https://openalex.org/W2136663836","https://openalex.org/W2137676449","https://openalex.org/W2143022286","https://openalex.org/W2144182447","https://openalex.org/W2325227998","https://openalex.org/W2496675188","https://openalex.org/W2999729612","https://openalex.org/W3112020351","https://openalex.org/W4230927207","https://openalex.org/W4245245123","https://openalex.org/W4300640952","https://openalex.org/W4302068590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499612753","https://openalex.org/W3111802945","https://openalex.org/W2946096271","https://openalex.org/W2295423552","https://openalex.org/W3107369729","https://openalex.org/W4390662392","https://openalex.org/W71955863","https://openalex.org/W2359185137","https://openalex.org/W2610918223","https://openalex.org/W2085200861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Outlier":[0],"detection":[1],"targets":[2],"those":[3],"exceptional":[4],"data":[5,65],"whose":[6],"pattern":[7],"is":[8,72,86],"rare":[9],"and":[10,91],"lie":[11],"in":[12,67,74],"low":[13],"density":[14],"regions.":[15],"In":[16,41],"this":[17],"paper,":[18],"under":[19],"the":[20,35,64,82],"assumption":[21],"of":[22,34,84],"complete":[23],"spatial":[24],"randomness":[25],"inside":[26],"clusters,":[27],"we":[28],"propose":[29],"an":[30,45],"MDV":[31,85],"(Multi-scale":[32],"Deviation":[33],"Volume)":[36],"approach":[37],"to":[38,43],"identifying":[39],"outliers.":[40],"addition":[42],"assigning":[44],"outlier":[46,56],"score":[47],"for":[48],"each":[49],"object,":[50],"it":[51,77],"directly":[52],"outputs":[53],"a":[54,61],"crisp":[55],"set.":[57],"It":[58],"also":[59],"offers":[60],"plot":[62],"showing":[63],"structure":[66],"every":[68],"object's":[69],"vicinity,":[70],"which":[71],"useful":[73],"explaining":[75],"why":[76],"may":[78],"be":[79],"outlying.":[80],"Finally,":[81],"effectiveness":[83],"demonstrated":[87],"with":[88],"both":[89],"artificial":[90],"real":[92],"datasets.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}