{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146647008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219525907000921","title":"THE EVOLUTION OF INVENTOR NETWORKS IN THE SILICON VALLEY AND BOSTON REGIONS","display_name":"THE EVOLUTION OF INVENTOR NETWORKS IN THE SILICON VALLEY AND BOSTON REGIONS","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146647008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219525907000921","mag":"2146647008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219525907000921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219525907000921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107361000","display_name":"Advances in Complex Systems","issn_l":"0219-5259","issn":["0219-5259","1793-6802","1793-9615","1793-9623"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Complex Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/388616","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091549671","display_name":"Lee Fleming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1363-4478"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"LEE FLEMING","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000401722","display_name":"Koen Frenken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-0201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KOEN FRENKEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urban and Regional Research Institute Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urban and Regional Research Institute Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091549671"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.0578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98299978,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"01","first_page":"53","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.9513000249862671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.949999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-valley","display_name":"Silicon valley","score":0.9144218564033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.6600848436355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.6014360785484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5292688608169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon","display_name":"Silicon","score":0.49549567699432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","score":0.45276015996932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/giant-component","display_name":"Giant component","score":0.4428548514842987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.43795543909072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.42329829931259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.41868042945861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.40586698055267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3414649963378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34023338556289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3005506992340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1760244071483612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.15417727828025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.13420835137367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12761247158050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.10512489080429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08466687798500061}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984737752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163820","display_name":"Silicon valley","level":3,"score":0.9144218564033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.6600848436355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.6014360785484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5292688608169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.49549567699432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.45276015996932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148818006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4137985","display_name":"Giant component","level":4,"score":0.4428548514842987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.43795543909072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.42329829931259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.41868042945861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.40586698055267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3414649963378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34023338556289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3005506992340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1760244071483612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.15417727828025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.13420835137367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12761247158050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.10512489080429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08466687798500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47458327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910404","display_name":"Random graph","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219525907000921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219525907000921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107361000","display_name":"Advances in Complex Systems","issn_l":"0219-5259","issn":["0219-5259","1793-6802","1793-9615","1793-9623"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Complex Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:acsxxx:v:10:y:2007:i:01:n:s0219525907000921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0219525907000921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:uu:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/388616","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/388616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Complex Systems, 10(1), 53. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:uu:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/388616","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/388616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Complex Systems, 10(1), 53. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W950821216","https://openalex.org/W1583207507","https://openalex.org/W1933234744","https://openalex.org/W1974589370","https://openalex.org/W1980148004","https://openalex.org/W1996396240","https://openalex.org/W2061901927","https://openalex.org/W2097777089","https://openalex.org/W2115768891","https://openalex.org/W2121639104","https://openalex.org/W2125315567","https://openalex.org/W2143585157","https://openalex.org/W2145845082","https://openalex.org/W2150443611","https://openalex.org/W2486180119","https://openalex.org/W3100447784","https://openalex.org/W3121694862","https://openalex.org/W3123010256","https://openalex.org/W3125274062","https://openalex.org/W3125801320","https://openalex.org/W4230557251","https://openalex.org/W4244387885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126131865","https://openalex.org/W3004350229","https://openalex.org/W2044344400","https://openalex.org/W2083611981","https://openalex.org/W4253186488","https://openalex.org/W1996938127","https://openalex.org/W2043380045","https://openalex.org/W3121424352","https://openalex.org/W2568842541","https://openalex.org/W2146647008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"networks":[1,63,78],"are":[2],"widely":[3],"thought":[4],"to":[5,35,113,119,161],"enhance":[6],"regional":[7,43,114],"innovative":[8],"capability,":[9],"there":[10],"exist":[11],"few":[12],"longitudinal":[13],"studies":[14],"of":[15,26,41,61,124],"their":[16],"formation":[17],"and":[18,93],"evolution":[19],"over":[20],"time.":[21],"Based":[22,51],"on":[23,52],"an":[24],"analysis":[25],"all":[27],"patenting":[28,155],"inventors":[29],"in":[30,46,64,88,116,126,141,144,154],"the":[31,42,58,108,117,122],"U.S.":[32],"from":[33,147],"1975":[34],"2002,":[36],"we":[37,55],"observe":[38],"dramatic":[39],"aggregation":[40],"inventor":[44,163],"network":[45,53,131],"Silicon":[47,65,142],"Valley":[48,66],"around":[49],"1989.":[50],"statistics,":[54],"argue":[56],"that":[57,103,134],"sudden":[59],"rise":[60],"giant":[62,81],"can":[67],"be":[68],"understood":[69],"as":[70,150],"a":[71,86,151],"phase":[72],"transition":[73,87],"during":[74],"which":[75],"small":[76],"isolated":[77],"form":[79],"one":[80],"component.":[82],"By":[83],"contrast,":[84],"such":[85],"Boston":[89],"occurred":[90],"much":[91,94],"later":[92],"less":[95],"dramatically.":[96],"We":[97],"do":[98],"not":[99],"find":[100],"convincing":[101],"evidence":[102],"this":[104],"marked":[105],"difference":[106],"between":[107,138],"two":[109],"regions":[110],"is":[111],"due":[112],"differences":[115],"propensity":[118],"collaborate":[120],"or":[121],"involvement":[123],"universities":[125],"patenting.":[127],"Interviews":[128],"with":[129],"key":[130],"players":[132],"suggest":[133],"contingent":[135],"labor":[136],"mobility":[137],"established":[139],"firms":[140],"Valley,":[143],"particular":[145],"resulting":[146],"IBM's":[148],"policy":[149],"central":[152],"player":[153],"activity,":[156],"promoted":[157],"inter-organizational":[158],"networking,":[159],"leading":[160],"larger":[162],"networks.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
