{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386514203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219467825500342","title":"Combined Shallow and Deep Learning Models for Malware Detection in Wsn","display_name":"Combined Shallow and Deep Learning Models for Malware Detection in Wsn","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386514203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219467825500342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219467825500342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219467825500342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60080701","display_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","issn_l":"0219-4678","issn":["0219-4678","1793-6756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103161869","display_name":"Madhavarapu Chandan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9968-928X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197081775","display_name":"Annamalai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x24z140","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197081775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhavarapu Chandan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608002, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197081775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032607847","display_name":"S. Santhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197081775","display_name":"Annamalai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x24z140","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197081775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. G. Santhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608002, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197081775"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002123665","display_name":"T. Srinivasa Rao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Srinivasa Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50447926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"04","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8218203186988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7485907077789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7005794048309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.6835595369338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.6209264993667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5927319526672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.576288640499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5010554790496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.4936267137527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4698295295238495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46734482049942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.45818084478378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.45681464672088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4478048086166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.12020260095596313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8218203186988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7485907077789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7005794048309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.6835595369338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.6209264993667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5927319526672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.576288640499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5010554790496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4936267137527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4698295295238495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46734482049942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.45818084478378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.45681464672088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4478048086166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.12020260095596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219467825500342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219467825500342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60080701","display_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","issn_l":"0219-4678","issn":["0219-4678","1793-6756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988566638","https://openalex.org/W2053877850","https://openalex.org/W2121571815","https://openalex.org/W2417137833","https://openalex.org/W2511683089","https://openalex.org/W2738900493","https://openalex.org/W2755619129","https://openalex.org/W2792296634","https://openalex.org/W2793591899","https://openalex.org/W2804394271","https://openalex.org/W2890290249","https://openalex.org/W2891064068","https://openalex.org/W2914648420","https://openalex.org/W2940445088","https://openalex.org/W2943732013","https://openalex.org/W2944979876","https://openalex.org/W2945156782","https://openalex.org/W2945230547","https://openalex.org/W2966031774","https://openalex.org/W2972824446","https://openalex.org/W2976560662","https://openalex.org/W2980570898","https://openalex.org/W2991513894","https://openalex.org/W2996072187","https://openalex.org/W2998835287","https://openalex.org/W2999269122","https://openalex.org/W3003642994","https://openalex.org/W3041440607","https://openalex.org/W3041519060","https://openalex.org/W3048999977","https://openalex.org/W3088249606","https://openalex.org/W3088307795","https://openalex.org/W3088582808","https://openalex.org/W3096411517","https://openalex.org/W3103629134","https://openalex.org/W3118601515","https://openalex.org/W3127820131","https://openalex.org/W3129920559","https://openalex.org/W3133022688","https://openalex.org/W3133551329","https://openalex.org/W3154415946","https://openalex.org/W3176174600","https://openalex.org/W3194117616","https://openalex.org/W3206066091","https://openalex.org/W3212537596","https://openalex.org/W4200416320","https://openalex.org/W4213012150","https://openalex.org/W4294232896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772780115","https://openalex.org/W4299822940","https://openalex.org/W2279398222","https://openalex.org/W4313563103","https://openalex.org/W2592385986","https://openalex.org/W2391959412","https://openalex.org/W4327774331","https://openalex.org/W4281924768","https://openalex.org/W2126100045","https://openalex.org/W2968586400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,37,47,59,119,172,179,187,200,235],"the":[2,9,38,54,83,92,114,120,134,148,167,173,182,188,192,218,224,242,245],"major":[3],"operating":[4],"restrictions,":[5],"ensuring":[6],"security":[7,21],"is":[8,45,86,125,170,177,185,220],"fundamental":[10],"problem":[11],"of":[12,18,41,68,210,217,244,252],"Wireless":[13],"Sensor":[14],"Networks":[15],"(WSNs).":[16],"Because":[17],"their":[19],"inadequate":[20],"mechanisms,":[22],"WSNs":[23],"are":[24,111,117,198,248],"indeed":[25],"a":[26,49,202],"simple":[27],"point":[28],"for":[29,88],"malware":[30,62],"(worms,":[31],"viruses,":[32],"malicious":[33],"code,":[34],"etc.).":[35],"According":[36],"epidemic":[39],"nature":[40],"worm":[42,50],"propagation,":[43],"it":[44],"critical":[46],"develop":[48],"defense":[51],"mechanism":[52],"in":[53,64,97,250],"network.":[55],"This":[56],"concept":[57],"aims":[58],"establish":[60],"novel":[61],"detection":[63,121,124,237],"WSN":[65],"that":[66],"consists":[67],"several":[69],"phases:":[70],"\u201c(i)":[71],"Preprocessing,":[72],"(ii)":[73],"feature":[74,93],"extraction,":[75],"as":[76,78,211],"well":[77],"(iii)":[79],"detection\u201d.":[80],"At":[81],"first,":[82],"input":[84],"data":[85],"subjected":[87,118,178],"preprocessing":[89],"phase.":[90,122],"Then,":[91],"extraction":[94],"takes":[95],"place,":[96],"which":[98],"principal":[99],"component":[100],"analysis":[101,106],"(PCA),":[102],"improved":[103],"linear":[104],"discriminant":[105],"(LDA),":[107],"and":[108,131,144,161,181,195,239],"autoencoder-based":[109],"characteristics":[110,116],"retrieved.":[112],"Moreover,":[113],"retrieved":[115],"The":[123,205,215],"performed":[126],"employing":[127],"combined":[128],"shallow":[129,135],"learning":[130,136,150],"DL.":[132],"Further,":[133],"includes":[137,152],"decision":[138],"tree":[139],"(DT),":[140],"logistic":[141],"regression":[142],"(LR),":[143],"Naive":[145],"Bayes":[146],"(NB);":[147],"deep":[149,153],"(DL)":[151],"neural":[154,158,163],"network":[155,159,164],"(DNN),":[156],"convolutional":[157],"(CNN),":[160],"recurrent":[162],"(RNN).":[165],"Here,":[166],"DT":[168],"output":[169,176,184],"given":[171,186],"DNN,":[174,193],"LR":[175],"CNN,":[180,194],"NB":[183],"RNN,":[189],"respectively.":[190],"Eventually,":[191],"RNN":[196,219],"outputs":[197],"averaged":[199],"generate":[201],"successful":[203],"outcome.":[204],"combination":[206],"can":[207],"be":[208],"thought":[209],"an":[212],"Ensemble":[213],"classifier.":[214],"weight":[216],"optimally":[221],"tuned":[222],"through":[223],"Self":[225],"Improved":[226],"Shark":[227],"Smell":[228],"Optimization":[229],"with":[230],"Opposition":[231],"Learning":[232],"(SISSOOL)":[233],"model":[234],"improve":[236],"precision":[238],"accuracy.":[240],"Lastly,":[241],"outcomes":[243],"suggested":[246],"approach":[247],"computed":[249],"terms":[251],"different":[253],"measures.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
