{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115523450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021946780900337x","title":"REFERENCE-FREE MACHINE VISION INSPECTION OF SEMICONDUCTOR DIE IMAGES","display_name":"REFERENCE-FREE MACHINE VISION INSPECTION OF SEMICONDUCTOR DIE IMAGES","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115523450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021946780900337x","mag":"2115523450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s021946780900337x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021946780900337x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60080701","display_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","issn_l":"0219-4678","issn":["0219-4678","1793-6756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038049072","display_name":"Ada Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-3460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"ADA N. Y. NG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008832723","display_name":"Edmund Y. Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-950X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"EDMUND Y. LAM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109902207","display_name":"Ronald Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RONALD CHUNG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109170144","display_name":"Kenneth S. M. Fung","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KENNETH S. M. FUNG","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASM Assembly Automation Ltd, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong","ASM Assembly Automation Ltd., Kwai Chung, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASM Assembly Automation Ltd, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASM Assembly Automation Ltd., Kwai Chung, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081075085","display_name":"Wing Hong Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-9941"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. H. LEUNG","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASM Assembly Automation Ltd, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong","ASM Assembly Automation Ltd., Kwai Chung, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASM Assembly Automation Ltd, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASM Assembly Automation Ltd., Kwai Chung, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038049072"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86234942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"09","issue":"01","first_page":"133","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/die","display_name":"Die (integrated circuit)","score":0.8250274658203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6469914317131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.5736593008041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5291759371757507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-assurance","display_name":"Quality assurance","score":0.5219180583953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-vision","display_name":"Machine vision","score":0.5105513334274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4100247621536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34057730436325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16885843873023987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111106434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072430","display_name":"Die (integrated circuit)","level":2,"score":0.8250274658203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6469914317131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.5736593008041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5291759371757507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106436119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assurance","level":3,"score":0.5219180583953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.5105513334274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4100247621536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34057730436325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16885843873023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778618615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008393","display_name":"External quality assessment","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s021946780900337x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021946780900337x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60080701","display_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","issn_l":"0219-4678","issn":["0219-4678","1793-6756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326427","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587163849","https://openalex.org/W1880073165","https://openalex.org/W1968427760","https://openalex.org/W1975612605","https://openalex.org/W1994560535","https://openalex.org/W1995257636","https://openalex.org/W2006283719","https://openalex.org/W2008469139","https://openalex.org/W2032506931","https://openalex.org/W2034894619","https://openalex.org/W2044616196","https://openalex.org/W2065989284","https://openalex.org/W2083394583","https://openalex.org/W2113107157","https://openalex.org/W2117145312","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2144334573","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2171151720","https://openalex.org/W2485357515","https://openalex.org/W2911551465","https://openalex.org/W2921487360","https://openalex.org/W3023411394","https://openalex.org/W4205590754","https://openalex.org/W4230750591","https://openalex.org/W4244494905","https://openalex.org/W4297792979","https://openalex.org/W4299101042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042913821","https://openalex.org/W2372289614","https://openalex.org/W2629813803","https://openalex.org/W2041067810","https://openalex.org/W2250518232","https://openalex.org/W3199170188","https://openalex.org/W2360137025","https://openalex.org/W2362738566","https://openalex.org/W2469843853","https://openalex.org/W2058427551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advances":[0],"in":[1,12,64,80,108],"electronic":[2,14],"technology":[3],"have":[4],"made":[5],"integrated":[6],"circuits":[7],"(ICs)":[8],"the":[9,35,39,109,119,128,137,153,163,184,187],"fundamental":[10],"components":[11],"all":[13],"devices.":[15],"To":[16],"increase":[17],"their":[18],"production":[19],"yield":[20],"by":[21,95],"catching":[22],"defects":[23,164],"as":[24,26,70,144,179],"early":[25],"possible,":[27],"we":[28,83,111],"need":[29],"to":[30,48,52,74,116],"perform":[31],"quality":[32],"assurance":[33],"on":[34,127],"semiconductor":[36],"dies":[37,178],"during":[38],"assembly":[40],"and":[41,102,136,139,171],"packaging":[42],"processes.":[43],"A":[44],"common":[45],"approach":[46],"is":[47,121],"employ":[49],"machine":[50],"vision":[51],"compare":[53],"a":[54,58,85,113],"test":[55],"die":[56,94,120],"with":[57],"\"known":[59],"good":[60],"die\".":[61],"However,":[62],"difficulties":[63],"ensuring":[65],"identical":[66],"imaging":[67],"conditions":[68],"(such":[69],"illumination)":[71],"are":[72,142],"limitations":[73],"this":[75,81],"die-to-die":[76],"comparison":[77],"approach.":[78,191],"Instead,":[79],"work":[82],"develop":[84],"novel":[86],"reference-free":[87,155,188],"defect":[88,156,189],"detection":[89,157,190],"algorithm":[90,158],"for":[91],"an":[92],"IC":[93,169,177],"analyzing":[96],"its":[97],"image.":[98],"By":[99],"identifying":[100],"intrinsic":[101],"extrinsic":[103],"features":[104],"of":[105,147,162,168,186],"various":[106],"segments":[107],"image,":[110],"implement":[112],"classification":[114],"scheme":[115],"identify":[117],"whether":[118],"defective":[122],"or":[123],"not.":[124],"We":[125],"rely":[126],"fact":[129],"that":[130,152],"normal":[131,176],"ICs":[132],"contain":[133],"regular":[134],"patterns,":[135],"abnormal":[138],"irregular":[140],"regions":[141],"classified":[143],"potential":[145],"areas":[146],"defects.":[148],"Experimental":[149],"results":[150,182],"show":[151],"proposed":[154],"can":[159,172],"detect":[160],"most":[161],"from":[165],"different":[166],"types":[167],"dies,":[170],"also":[173],"correctly":[174],"classify":[175],"non-defective.":[180],"These":[181],"demonstrate":[183],"feasibility":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
