{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152260845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219467805001756","title":"NATURAL SKELETONIZATION: NEW APPROACH FOR THE SKELETONIZATION OF HANDWRITTEN CHARACTERS","display_name":"NATURAL SKELETONIZATION: NEW APPROACH FOR THE SKELETONIZATION OF HANDWRITTEN CHARACTERS","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152260845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219467805001756","mag":"2152260845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219467805001756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219467805001756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60080701","display_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","issn_l":"0219-4678","issn":["0219-4678","1793-6756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065910983","display_name":"Amer Dawoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-9160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"AMER DAWOUD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039318050","display_name":"Mohamed S. Kamel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6173-8082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MOHAMED KAMEL","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065910983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20712147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"05","issue":"02","first_page":"267","last_page":"279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletonization","display_name":"Skeletonization","score":0.9979033470153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6917639970779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6264870762825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6064674854278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5396760702133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.513916015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-image","display_name":"Binary image","score":0.4922291338443756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerenchyma","display_name":"Aerenchyma","score":0.4887216091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medial-axis","display_name":"Medial axis","score":0.4813052713871002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3758637309074402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.32732847332954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.07475367188453674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23951316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1984140","display_name":"Skeletonization","level":2,"score":0.9979033470153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6917639970779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6264870762825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6064674854278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5396760702133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.513916015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193828747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864118","display_name":"Binary image","level":4,"score":0.4922291338443756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175622124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2333565","display_name":"Aerenchyma","level":2,"score":0.4887216091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185877587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757407","display_name":"Medial axis","level":2,"score":0.4813052713871002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3758637309074402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32732847332954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.07475367188453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219467805001756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219467805001756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60080701","display_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","issn_l":"0219-4678","issn":["0219-4678","1793-6756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Image and Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W625165786","https://openalex.org/W1966547599","https://openalex.org/W1985762880","https://openalex.org/W2007485653","https://openalex.org/W2012731656","https://openalex.org/W2032567899","https://openalex.org/W2037929908","https://openalex.org/W2066301762","https://openalex.org/W2122141098","https://openalex.org/W2130891382","https://openalex.org/W2142238361","https://openalex.org/W2152542695","https://openalex.org/W2158008371","https://openalex.org/W2167059107","https://openalex.org/W2169011841","https://openalex.org/W4297792979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970932056","https://openalex.org/W1984855521","https://openalex.org/W2051997380","https://openalex.org/W2011808502","https://openalex.org/W3150952243","https://openalex.org/W4285761029","https://openalex.org/W3204405814","https://openalex.org/W1561739522","https://openalex.org/W2142238361","https://openalex.org/W4220907282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,45],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,25,66,119],"new":[6],"algorithm":[7,178],"for":[8],"the":[9,22,41,54,58,82,86,90,101,113,136,142,153,159,163,176,181],"skeletonization":[10,16,182,189],"of":[11,24,57,65,78,95,118,123,152,167],"handwritten":[12,59,67],"characters.":[13],"Unlike":[14],"traditional":[15,188],"algorithms":[17],"that":[18,62,156,175],"relay":[19],"only":[20],"on":[21,162],"configuration":[23],"binary":[26,169],"image":[27],"pixel":[28],"in":[29,44],"deciding":[30],"whether":[31],"it":[32,157],"is":[33,61,98,129,155],"deletable":[34],"or":[35],"not,":[36],"Natural":[37],"Skeletonization":[38],"(NS)":[39],"integrates":[40],"gray-level":[42,96],"information":[43,97],"process.":[46],"The":[47,93,121,171],"underlying":[48],"principle":[49],"here,":[50],"which":[51,108],"stems":[52],"from":[53,145],"elongated":[55],"properties":[56],"characters,":[60],"medial":[63,114],"pixels":[64,117],"stroke":[68],"are":[69],"\"naturally\"":[70],"darker":[71],"than":[72],"its":[73,132],"side":[74,116],"pixels.":[75],"NS":[76],"consists":[77],"three":[79],"steps:":[80],"(1)":[81],"decomposition":[83],"step;":[84,88],"(2)":[85],"thinning":[87],"(3)":[89],"reconstruction":[91],"step.":[92],"integration":[94],"facilitated":[99],"by":[100,131],"iterative":[102],"binarization":[103],"at":[104],"equally":[105],"spaced":[106],"thresholds,":[107],"highlights":[109],"positional":[110],"differences":[111],"between":[112],"and":[115,139,165],"stroke.":[120],"advantage":[122],"our":[124],"approach":[125,154],"over":[126],"existing":[127],"methods":[128],"demonstrated":[130],"ability":[133],"to":[134,140,185],"prevent":[135,141],"\"flooding":[137],"water\"":[138],"boundary":[143],"noise":[144],"developing":[146],"extraneous":[147],"branches.":[148],"One":[149],"important":[150],"aspect":[151],"relaxes":[158],"skeletonization's":[160],"dependence":[161],"quality":[164,183],"shape":[166],"initial":[168],"pattern.":[170],"experimental":[172],"results":[173],"indicate":[174],"proposed":[177],"substantially":[179],"improves":[180],"compared":[184],"experiments":[186],"with":[187],"methods.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
