{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2541845822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219198905000612","title":"POTENTIAL MAXIMIZATION AND COALITION GOVERNMENT FORMATION","display_name":"POTENTIAL MAXIMIZATION AND COALITION GOVERNMENT FORMATION","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2541845822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219198905000612","mag":"2541845822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219198905000612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219198905000612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130757258","display_name":"International Game Theory Review","issn_l":"0219-1989","issn":["0219-1989","1793-6675"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Game Theory Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt2gx2v0qx/qt2gx2v0qx.pdf?t=lnqwgf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065206340","display_name":"Rod Garratt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"ROD GARRATT","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Economics, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Economics, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"JAMES E. PARCO","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I430641","display_name":"United States Air Force Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0055d0g64","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I430641"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JAMES E. PARCO","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Air Force Academy, Department of Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Air Force Academy, Department of Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I430641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"CHENG-ZHONG QIN","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CHENG-ZHONG QIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Economics, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Economics, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"AMNON RAPOPORT","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AMNON RAPOPORT","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China","University of Arizona, Department of Management and Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona, Department of Management and Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065206340"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30997404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"07","issue":"04","first_page":"407","last_page":"429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9677000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.6704258322715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coalition-government","display_name":"Coalition government","score":0.5642018914222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-party-system","display_name":"Multi-party system","score":0.5591809749603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.5409560799598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.4184877872467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.41150087118148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3727288246154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.34334346652030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.3377295732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.29030904173851013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.12946593761444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"Democracy","score":0.11067456007003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.10597828030586243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6704258322715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776568539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837416","display_name":"Coalition government","level":3,"score":0.5642018914222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160663922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223847","display_name":"Multi-party system","level":4,"score":0.5591809749603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.5409560799598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.4184877872467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.41150087118148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3727288246154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34334346652030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3377295732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.29030904173851013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12946593761444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.11067456007003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10597828030586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":11,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0219198905000612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219198905000612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130757258","display_name":"International Game Theory Review","issn_l":"0219-1989","issn":["0219-1989","1793-6675"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Game Theory Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:qt2gx2v0qx","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2gx2v0qx","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt2gx2v0qx/qt2gx2v0qx.pdf?t=lnqwgf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Garratt, Rod; & Qin, Cheng-Zhong. (2000). Potential Maximization and Coalition Government Formation. Department of Economics, UCSB. UC Santa Barbara: Department of Economics, UCSB. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2gx2v0qx","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3124334427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/cdlucsbec/qt2gx2v0qx.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1.1979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1.1979","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.econ.ucsb.edu/%7Egarratt/faculty/gov_potential.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cdl:ucsbec:11-00","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cdl:ucsbec:wp11-00","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1060&context=ucsbecon","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:igtrxx:v:07:y:2005:i:04:n:s0219198905000612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0219198905000612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:igtrxx:v:07:y:2005:i:04:p:407-429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0219198905000612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/117958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/117958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt2gx2v0qx","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gx2v0qx","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2541845822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gx2v0qx.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306507716","display_name":"Department of Economics, UCSB","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Department of Economics, UCSB","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:qt2gx2v0qx","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2gx2v0qx","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt2gx2v0qx/qt2gx2v0qx.pdf?t=lnqwgf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Garratt, Rod; & Qin, Cheng-Zhong. (2000). Potential Maximization and Coalition Government Formation. Department of Economics, UCSB. UC Santa Barbara: Department of Economics, UCSB. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2gx2v0qx","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2541845822.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109341979","https://openalex.org/W1975617599","https://openalex.org/W1987855261","https://openalex.org/W2081462594","https://openalex.org/W2102900308","https://openalex.org/W2126742499","https://openalex.org/W2155318308","https://openalex.org/W2253533257","https://openalex.org/W2315722537","https://openalex.org/W2322318572","https://openalex.org/W2330768945","https://openalex.org/W2797341242","https://openalex.org/W3022321359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156495649","https://openalex.org/W1523394968","https://openalex.org/W1978614950","https://openalex.org/W1588151682","https://openalex.org/W2276218208","https://openalex.org/W3125626849","https://openalex.org/W1877342529","https://openalex.org/W3152015259","https://openalex.org/W2148648068","https://openalex.org/W1998442517","https://openalex.org/W2602783187","https://openalex.org/W334898086","https://openalex.org/W2255977096","https://openalex.org/W3142968435","https://openalex.org/W1770511357","https://openalex.org/W3124444337","https://openalex.org/W117238220","https://openalex.org/W1976210094","https://openalex.org/W2554212717","https://openalex.org/W3168491507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,115],"model":[1],"of":[2,37,58,67,94,109,127,139,165,183],"coalition":[3],"government":[4,135],"formation":[5],"is":[6,61],"presented":[7,24],"in":[8,16,74,152],"which":[9],"inefficient,":[10],"non-minimal":[11,48],"winning":[12,49,112],"coalitions":[13,50],"may":[14],"form":[15],"Nash":[17,38,168,189],"equilibrium.":[18,39],"Predictions":[19],"for":[20,145],"five":[21],"games":[22,75],"are":[23,191],"and":[25,79,91,116,124,131,160,187],"tested":[26],"experimentally.":[27],"The":[28],"experimental":[29,104],"data":[30,43,105],"support":[31,44,106],"potential":[32,150,175],"maximization":[33,151],"as":[34],"a":[35,110],"refinement":[36],"In":[40,98,155],"particular,":[41],"the":[42,45,53,59,65,69,95,99,107,128,132,140,166],"prediction":[46,108],"that":[47],"occur":[51],"when":[52],"distance":[54],"between":[55],"policy":[56],"positions":[57],"parties":[60],"small":[62],"relative":[63],"to":[64],"value":[66],"forming":[68],"government.":[70],"These":[71],"conditions":[72],"hold":[73],"1,":[76,157],"3,":[77],"4":[78,159],"5,":[80],"where":[81],"subjects":[82],"played":[83,118],"their":[84,119],"unique":[85,120],"potential-maximizing":[86,121],"strategies":[87,122,186],"91,":[88],"52,":[89],"82":[90],"84":[92,123],"percent":[93,126,138,164],"time,":[96,129],"respectively.":[97],"remaining":[100],"game":[101],"(Game":[102],"2)":[103],"minimal":[111],"coalition.":[113],"Players":[114],"B":[117],"86":[125],"respectively,":[130],"predicted":[133,173],"minimal-winning":[134],"formed":[136],"92":[137],"time":[141],"(all":[142],"strategy":[143],"choices":[144],"player":[146],"C":[147],"conform":[148],"with":[149],"Game":[153],"2).":[154],"Games":[156],"2,":[158],"5":[161],"over":[162],"98":[163],"observed":[167],"equilibrium":[169,190],"outcomes":[170],"were":[171],"those":[172],"by":[174],"maximization.":[176],"Other":[177],"solution":[178],"concepts":[179],"including":[180],"iterated":[181],"elimination":[182],"weakly":[184],"dominated":[185],"strong/coalition-proof":[188],"also":[192],"tested.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}