{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131518018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218843006001529","title":"A FORMAL ANALYSIS OF A BUSINESS CONTRACT LANGUAGE","display_name":"A FORMAL ANALYSIS OF A BUSINESS CONTRACT LANGUAGE","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131518018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218843006001529","mag":"2131518018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218843006001529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218843006001529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17147961","display_name":"International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems","issn_l":"0218-8430","issn":["0218-8430","1793-6365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058360953","display_name":"Guido Governatori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9878-2762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"GUIDO GOVERNATORI","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037876369","display_name":"Zoran Milo\u0161evi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-7423"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ZORAN MILOSEVIC","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deontik Pty Ltd, 7/72 Seagull Avenue, Mermaid Beach, QLD AZ18, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deontik Pty Ltd, 7/72 Seagull Avenue, Mermaid Beach, QLD AZ18, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058360953"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7803,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9800208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"04","first_page":"659","last_page":"685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9700999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7989977598190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.7643193006515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-by-contract","display_name":"Design by contract","score":0.5500537157058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underpinning","display_name":"Underpinning","score":0.5489166975021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-management","display_name":"Contract management","score":0.5385004878044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5064560174942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specification-language","display_name":"Specification language","score":0.4834933578968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty","display_name":"Duty","score":0.4773029088973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-rule","display_name":"Business rule","score":0.4642537236213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-language","display_name":"Formal language","score":0.44333964586257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3782130479812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23909643292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-process","display_name":"Business process","score":0.21133700013160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.15198367834091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1371365785598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.07200399041175842}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7989977598190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.7643193006515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80291951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200691","display_name":"Design by contract","level":5,"score":0.5500537157058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780871342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883752","display_name":"Underpinning","level":2,"score":0.5489166975021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55451941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783273","display_name":"Contract management","level":2,"score":0.5385004878044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5064560174942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201677973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209840","display_name":"Specification language","level":2,"score":0.4834933578968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779103253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878070","display_name":"Duty","level":2,"score":0.4773029088973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11066294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1518244","display_name":"Business rule","level":4,"score":0.4642537236213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146072743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192161","display_name":"Formal language","level":2,"score":0.44333964586257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3782130479812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23909643292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85345410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851587","display_name":"Business process","level":3,"score":0.21133700013160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15198367834091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1371365785598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.07200399041175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218843006001529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218843006001529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17147961","display_name":"International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems","issn_l":"0218-8430","issn":["0218-8430","1793-6365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.142.3115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.142.3115","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://espace.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:8412/GovMil.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:8412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189071221","https://openalex.org/W1492448559","https://openalex.org/W1513255976","https://openalex.org/W1568454198","https://openalex.org/W2003017965","https://openalex.org/W2066394193","https://openalex.org/W2070371085","https://openalex.org/W2092834548","https://openalex.org/W2094758254","https://openalex.org/W2098791425","https://openalex.org/W2106969111","https://openalex.org/W2115938788","https://openalex.org/W2124563098","https://openalex.org/W2124900688","https://openalex.org/W2127097429","https://openalex.org/W2136563725","https://openalex.org/W2147784458","https://openalex.org/W2163062381","https://openalex.org/W3121981728","https://openalex.org/W4236565674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104078272","https://openalex.org/W2257183258","https://openalex.org/W1916258364","https://openalex.org/W4245713008","https://openalex.org/W1984757784","https://openalex.org/W3137189469","https://openalex.org/W2804226765","https://openalex.org/W2368560475","https://openalex.org/W2065369774","https://openalex.org/W2131518018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,47],"presents":[2],"a":[3,61,89],"formal":[4,90],"system":[5,15],"for":[6,21,76,92],"reasoning":[7],"about":[8],"violations":[9],"of":[10,24,60,83,96],"obligations":[11,30,36],"in":[12,44],"contracts.":[13,45],"The":[14,46,81],"is":[16,86],"based":[17],"on":[18],"the":[19,22,29,56],"formalism":[20,51],"representation":[23],"contrary-to-duty":[25],"obligations.":[26],"These":[27],"are":[28,37],"that":[31],"take":[32],"place":[33],"when":[34],"other":[35],"violated":[38],"as":[39],"typically":[40],"applied":[41],"to":[42,72,87],"penalties":[43],"shows":[48],"how":[49],"this":[50,84,93],"can":[52],"be":[53],"mapped":[54],"onto":[55],"key":[57,94],"policy":[58],"concepts":[59],"contract":[62,74,79],"specification":[63],"language,":[64],"called":[65],"Business":[66],"Contract":[67],"Language":[68],"(BCL),":[69],"previously":[70],"developed":[71],"express":[73],"conditions":[75],"run":[77],"time":[78],"monitoring.":[80],"aim":[82],"mapping":[85],"establish":[88],"underpinning":[91],"subset":[95],"BCL.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}