{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905653691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218488518400147","title":"Computing with Words: Revisiting the Qualitative Scale","display_name":"Computing with Words: Revisiting the Qualitative Scale","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905653691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218488518400147","mag":"2905653691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218488518400147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218488518400147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69518169","display_name":"International Journal of Uncertainty Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems","issn_l":"0218-4885","issn":["0218-4885","1793-6411"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039025498","display_name":"Cristina Zuheros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-3581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095677","display_name":"Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0g9w49","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Zuheros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095677","https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083906120","display_name":"Cong\u2010Cong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-4001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong-Cong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001817720","display_name":"Francisco Javier Cabrerizo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7012-8649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095677","display_name":"Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0g9w49","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Javier Cabrerizo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095677","https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050358854","display_name":"Yucheng Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-6796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yucheng Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076657750","display_name":"Enrique Herrera\u2010Viedma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-4984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095677","display_name":"Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0g9w49","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Herrera-Viedma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095677","https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045016749","display_name":"Francisco Herrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-312X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095677","display_name":"Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0g9w49","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095677","https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95986105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"Suppl. 2","first_page":"127","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.6231923699378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5845097303390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5446587800979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-analysis","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","score":0.5094018578529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.4513593316078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4416440725326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.1932053565979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.1050337553024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09865465760231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08207088708877563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.6231923699378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5845097303390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5446587800979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.5094018578529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4513593316078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4416440725326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1932053565979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.1050337553024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09865465760231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08207088708877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218488518400147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218488518400147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69518169","display_name":"International Journal of Uncertainty Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems","issn_l":"0218-4885","issn":["0218-4885","1793-6411"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W597639411","https://openalex.org/W1971403896","https://openalex.org/W1973167065","https://openalex.org/W1986686276","https://openalex.org/W1997882906","https://openalex.org/W2024919729","https://openalex.org/W2037940305","https://openalex.org/W2038779958","https://openalex.org/W2049102614","https://openalex.org/W2057636328","https://openalex.org/W2076584270","https://openalex.org/W2081575042","https://openalex.org/W2094298620","https://openalex.org/W2096468420","https://openalex.org/W2111211679","https://openalex.org/W2113181660","https://openalex.org/W2116678602","https://openalex.org/W2117827905","https://openalex.org/W2125843991","https://openalex.org/W2144798659","https://openalex.org/W2146792988","https://openalex.org/W2157041604","https://openalex.org/W2157423656","https://openalex.org/W2160600033","https://openalex.org/W2163481099","https://openalex.org/W2165094119","https://openalex.org/W2211605485","https://openalex.org/W2341703791","https://openalex.org/W2346604114","https://openalex.org/W2409575000","https://openalex.org/W2414078667","https://openalex.org/W2414288207","https://openalex.org/W2472478905","https://openalex.org/W2592492586","https://openalex.org/W2623671984","https://openalex.org/W2752146707","https://openalex.org/W2753448937","https://openalex.org/W2783728240","https://openalex.org/W2793902308","https://openalex.org/W2883880313","https://openalex.org/W2896890561","https://openalex.org/W2913381099","https://openalex.org/W4240278385","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W4253058124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046541833","https://openalex.org/W2412051436","https://openalex.org/W1499806064","https://openalex.org/W4240869053","https://openalex.org/W2140472019","https://openalex.org/W2057857755","https://openalex.org/W2261353938","https://openalex.org/W4316090175","https://openalex.org/W2898960644","https://openalex.org/W2591867738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computing":[0],"with":[1],"Words":[2],"(CW)":[3],"is":[4,23,100],"a":[5,69,80],"methodology":[6],"which":[7],"takes":[8],"an":[9],"essential":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,30,44,95,112],"decision":[13,31,98,114],"making":[14,99],"problems,":[15],"thus":[16],"the":[17,26,63,89,105,109],"first":[18],"aim":[19],"of":[20,28,37,82,88,92],"this":[21],"paper":[22,60],"to":[24,72],"highlight":[25,104],"importance":[27],"CW":[29,38,96],"making.":[32,115],"There":[33],"are":[34],"many":[35],"proposals":[36],"models":[39],"that":[40],"can":[41],"be":[42],"classified":[43],"two":[45],"main":[46],"fields:":[47],"approaches":[48,54],"based":[49,55],"on":[50,56,62],"membership":[51],"functions":[52],"and":[53,75,86],"qualitative":[57,64,90,110],"scales.":[58],"This":[59],"focuses":[61],"scales":[65,91,111],"since":[66],"it":[67],"provides":[68],"closer":[70],"environment":[71],"human":[73],"knowledge":[74],"more":[76],"accurate":[77],"results":[78],"avoiding":[79],"loss":[81],"information.":[83],"An":[84],"analysis":[85],"discussion":[87],"linguistic":[93,113],"values":[94],"for":[97,108],"provided.":[101],"Finally,":[102],"we":[103],"open":[106],"challenges":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}