{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124027272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213097000219","title":"An Application of a Recurrent Neural Model for Parsing Natural Language","display_name":"An Application of a Recurrent Neural Model for Parsing Natural Language","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124027272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213097000219","mag":"2124027272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218213097000219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213097000219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178780388","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools","issn_l":"0218-2130","issn":["0218-2130","1793-6349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111542530","display_name":"John Salerno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800186634","display_name":"Hanscom Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/03fvtr511","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800186634","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John J. Salerno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rome Laboratory, 32 Hangar Rd., Rome, NY 13441, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rome Laboratory, 32 Hangar Rd., Rome, NY 13441, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800186634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111542530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800186634"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1690118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"06","issue":"03","first_page":"397","last_page":"419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9114000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9114000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9069015979766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.701187014579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6849145293235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.6164170503616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"Memorization","score":0.5852800607681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5827785730361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5502141714096069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.528346836566925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5260027647018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5078666806221008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4988749027252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.46012163162231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.4370863437652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4027754068374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3499530553817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1040869951248169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9069015979766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.701187014579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6849145293235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6164170503616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.5852800607681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5827785730361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5502141714096069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.528346836566925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5260027647018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5078666806221008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4988749027252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46012163162231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.4370863437652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4027754068374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3499530553817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1040869951248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218213097000219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213097000219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178780388","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools","issn_l":"0218-2130","issn":["0218-2130","1793-6349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397565061","https://openalex.org/W4387561393","https://openalex.org/W3163481960","https://openalex.org/W3093895509","https://openalex.org/W4283526844","https://openalex.org/W280704926","https://openalex.org/W2476068070","https://openalex.org/W4323971310","https://openalex.org/W2893372175","https://openalex.org/W2911292476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"models":[1,55],"for":[2,118],"dealing":[3],"with":[4,58],"symbolic":[5],"processing":[6],"are":[7,56,140],"in":[8],"their":[9],"infancy.":[10],"Success":[11],"thus":[12],"far":[13],"can":[14],"be":[15],"defined":[16],"by":[17],"the":[18,46,51,61,70,74,81,97,106,133,136],"parsing":[19],"of":[20,28,36,48,64,83,113],"very":[21],"simple":[22,103],"phrases":[23],"and":[24,69,110,131],"a":[25,93,114],"small":[26],"set":[27],"words":[29,49],"into":[30],"small,":[31],"fixed":[32],"size":[33,130],"frames.":[34],"Many":[35],"these":[37],"systems":[38],"do":[39],"not":[40],"scale":[41],"well":[42],"as":[43,123],"one":[44],"increases":[45],"number":[47,63],"or":[50],"phrase":[52],"length.":[53],"These":[54],"limited":[57],"respect":[59],"to":[60,67,105],"large":[62],"epochs":[65],"required":[66],"train":[68],"error":[71,98],"rates.":[72],"In":[73],"discussion":[75],"that":[76],"follows":[77],"we":[78],"will":[79,86,91],"address":[80],"issue":[82],"training.":[84],"We":[85],"present":[87],"an":[88],"analysis":[89],"which":[90],"provide":[92],"lower":[94],"bound":[95],"on":[96],"rate.":[99],"The":[100],"approach":[101],"presents":[102],"extensions":[104],"basic":[107],"learning":[108],"algorithm":[109,117],"make":[111],"use":[112],"closest":[115],"neighbor":[116],"correctness.":[119],"Other":[120],"issues":[121],"such":[122],"generalization":[124],"versus":[125],"memorization,":[126],"optimum":[127],"hidden":[128],"layer":[129],"teaching":[132],"network":[134],"after":[135],"initial":[137],"training":[138],"phase":[139],"also":[141],"discussed.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}