{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995808329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213012500145","title":"AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF CROSSWORD PUZZLES","display_name":"AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF CROSSWORD PUZZLES","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995808329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213012500145","mag":"1995808329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218213012500145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213012500145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178780388","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools","issn_l":"0218-2130","issn":["0218-2130","1793-6349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018861444","display_name":"Leonardo Rigutini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6309-2542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LEONARDO RIGUTINI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universiy of Siena, Via Roma 56, Siena, 53100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universiy of Siena, Via Roma 56, Siena, 53100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109267259","display_name":"Michelangelo Diligenti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MICHELANGELO DILIGENTI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universiy of Siena, Via Roma 56, Siena, 53100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universiy of Siena, Via Roma 56, Siena, 53100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080411641","display_name":"Marco Maggini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-1265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MARCO MAGGINI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universiy of Siena, Via Roma 56, Siena, 53100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universiy of Siena, Via Roma 56, Siena, 53100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022658803","display_name":"Marco Gori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6337-5430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MARCO GORI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universiy of Siena, Via Roma 56, Siena, 53100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universiy of Siena, Via Roma 56, Siena, 53100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85904098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"03","first_page":"1250014","last_page":"1250014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.927207350730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.6586238145828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markup-language","display_name":"Markup language","score":0.47326138615608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entertainment","display_name":"Entertainment","score":0.4420154392719269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40539103746414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3011653423309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2919464707374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.09935158491134644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.927207350730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.6586238145828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37045","display_name":"Markup language","level":3,"score":0.47326138615608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512170562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173799","display_name":"Entertainment","level":2,"score":0.4420154392719269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40539103746414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3011653423309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2919464707374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.09935158491134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218213012500145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213012500145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178780388","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools","issn_l":"0218-2130","issn":["0218-2130","1793-6349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/30971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11365/30971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196319","display_name":"Use Siena air (University of Siena)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","host_organization_name":"University of Siena","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313975","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164549","https://openalex.org/W76458602","https://openalex.org/W1483940455","https://openalex.org/W1537351989","https://openalex.org/W1550206324","https://openalex.org/W1573587888","https://openalex.org/W1576676390","https://openalex.org/W1597941798","https://openalex.org/W1773803948","https://openalex.org/W1982743679","https://openalex.org/W1988995507","https://openalex.org/W1997128826","https://openalex.org/W2029341294","https://openalex.org/W2040909025","https://openalex.org/W2063307689","https://openalex.org/W2069874127","https://openalex.org/W2081687495","https://openalex.org/W2101137458","https://openalex.org/W2111094262","https://openalex.org/W2129333026","https://openalex.org/W2135831306","https://openalex.org/W2135843243","https://openalex.org/W2155280192","https://openalex.org/W2476564462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385386698","https://openalex.org/W4388119604","https://openalex.org/W2954418080","https://openalex.org/W3121570353","https://openalex.org/W818235636","https://openalex.org/W4388119676","https://openalex.org/W1566913699","https://openalex.org/W2081328318","https://openalex.org/W2127574606","https://openalex.org/W1889092586"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crossword":[0],"puzzles":[1],"are":[2],"used":[3],"everyday":[4],"by":[5,97],"millions":[6],"of":[7,23,35,44,109,116],"people":[8],"for":[9],"entertainment,":[10],"but":[11,112],"have":[12],"applications":[13],"also":[14],"in":[15],"educational":[16],"and":[17,61],"rehabilitation":[18],"contexts.":[19],"Unfortunately,":[20],"the":[21,42,66,73,78,90,94,107,113,120],"generation":[22,60],"ad-hoc":[24],"puzzles,":[25],"especially":[26],"on":[27,72,106],"specific":[28],"subjects,":[29],"typically":[30],"requires":[31],"a":[32,46],"great":[33],"deal":[34],"human":[36,56],"expert":[37],"work.":[38],"This":[39],"paper":[40],"presents":[41],"architecture":[43],"WebCrow-generation,":[45],"system":[47,68,102,121],"that":[48],"is":[49],"able":[50],"to":[51,124],"generate":[52],"crosswords":[53],"with":[54,93],"no":[55],"intervention,":[57],"including":[58],"clue":[59],"crossword":[62,91],"compilation.":[63],"In":[64],"particular,":[65],"proposed":[67],"crawls":[69],"information":[70],"sources":[71],"Web,":[74],"extracts":[75],"definitions":[76,96],"from":[77],"downloaded":[79],"pages":[80],"using":[81],"state-of-the-art":[82],"natural":[83],"language":[84],"processing":[85],"techniques":[86],"and,":[87],"finally,":[88],"compiles":[89],"schema":[92],"extracted":[95],"constraint":[98],"satisfaction":[99],"programming.":[100],"The":[101],"has":[103],"been":[104],"tested":[105],"creation":[108],"Italian":[110],"crosswords,":[111],"extensive":[114],"use":[115],"machine":[117],"learning":[118],"makes":[119],"easily":[122],"portable":[123],"other":[125],"languages.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}