{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982246389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213008003984","title":"THE DIMENSION OF ECOCs FOR MULTICLASS CLASSIFICATION PROBLEMS","display_name":"THE DIMENSION OF ECOCs FOR MULTICLASS CLASSIFICATION PROBLEMS","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982246389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213008003984","mag":"1982246389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218213008003984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213008003984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178780388","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools","issn_l":"0218-2130","issn":["0218-2130","1793-6349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218213008003984","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067339551","display_name":"Edgar Pimenta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"EDGAR PIMENTA","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIAAD, University of Porto, Rua de Ceuta, 118-6, 4050 Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIAAD, University of Porto, Rua de Ceuta, 118-6, 4050 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114376321","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Gama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-1195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JO\u00c3O GAMA","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIAAD, INESC-Porto, University of Porto, Rua de Ceuta, 118-6, 4050 Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIAAD, INESC-Porto, University of Porto, Rua de Ceuta, 118-6, 4050 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079499583","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 C. P. L. F. de Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4765-6459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177909021","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdc6m37","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ANDR\u00c9 CARVALHO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, ICMC-USP, CP 668, CEP 13560-970, S. Carlos, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, ICMC-USP, CP 668, CEP 13560-970, S. Carlos, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067339551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1809,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83733107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"03","first_page":"433","last_page":"447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiclass-classification","display_name":"Multiclass classification","score":0.8812066316604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.752627968788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.6215810775756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6024332642555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5715842247009277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5607945919036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5541377663612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.5202640295028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49118301272392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4142151176929474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38952067494392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33588504791259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.21531978249549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19693973660469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.11421722173690796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.8812066316604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.752627968788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6215810775756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6024332642555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5715842247009277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5607945919036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5541377663612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.5202640295028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49118301272392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4142151176929474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38952067494392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33588504791259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.21531978249549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19693973660469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.11421722173690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218213008003984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218213008003984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178780388","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools","issn_l":"0218-2130","issn":["0218-2130","1793-6349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:002890291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218213008003984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Intelectual)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:002890291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218213008003984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Intelectual)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1676820704","https://openalex.org/W1969761972","https://openalex.org/W1980073965","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2019575783","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2330820318","https://openalex.org/W2342204193","https://openalex.org/W4254259096","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376528628","https://openalex.org/W1537592868","https://openalex.org/W2470590370","https://openalex.org/W3207192536","https://openalex.org/W2910954186","https://openalex.org/W4281721362","https://openalex.org/W1748436461","https://openalex.org/W3093482772","https://openalex.org/W2002271516","https://openalex.org/W2014610539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0,43],"classification":[1,14,156],"problems":[2,9,24],"involve":[3],"more":[4],"than":[5],"two":[6],"classes.":[7],"These":[8,108],"are":[10,56,66,141,149,163],"known":[11],"as":[12],"multiclass":[13,23,79,167],"problems.":[15,33,80,157],"One":[16],"of":[17,31,89,103,115,127,154],"the":[18,98,106,113,125],"approaches":[19],"to":[20,76,123],"deal":[21,77],"with":[22,40,78,86,112,165],"is":[25],"their":[26],"decomposition":[27,168],"into":[28],"a":[29,87,119,128,132,152],"set":[30,153],"binary":[32,69],"Recent":[34],"work":[35],"shows":[36],"important":[37],"advantages":[38],"related":[39],"this":[41,49,144],"approach.":[42],"strategies":[44,52],"have":[45,73],"been":[46,74],"proposed":[47,142,147],"for":[48,97,100],"decomposition.":[50],"The":[51,146],"most":[53],"frequently":[54],"used":[55],"All-vs-All,":[57],"One-vs-All":[58],"and":[59,72,137],"Error":[60],"Correction":[61],"Output":[62],"Codes":[63],"(ECOC).":[64],"ECOCs":[65],"based":[67],"on":[68],"words":[70],"(codewords)":[71],"adapted":[75],"For":[81],"such,":[82],"they":[83,162],"must":[84],"comply":[85],"number":[88,102,114],"specific":[90],"constraints.":[91],"Different":[92],"dimensions":[93,109],"may":[94],"be":[95],"adopted":[96],"codewords":[99],"each":[101],"classes":[104,116],"in":[105,118,143,151],"problem.":[107],"grow":[110],"exponentially":[111],"present":[117],"dataset.":[120],"Two":[121],"methods":[122,148],"choose":[124],"dimension":[126],"ECOC,":[129],"which":[130],"assure":[131],"good":[133],"trade-off":[134],"between":[135],"redundancy":[136],"error":[138],"correction":[139],"capacity,":[140],"paper.":[145],"evaluated":[150],"benchmark":[155],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"show":[160],"that":[161],"competitive":[164],"other":[166],"methods.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
