{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286299945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194022500292","title":"An Empirical Study on Bugs in PHP","display_name":"An Empirical Study on Bugs in PHP","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286299945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194022500292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218194022500292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194022500292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131442419","display_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0218-1940","issn":["0218-1940","1793-6403"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379621","display_name":"Ziyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-5285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-5285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016393608","display_name":"Dexin Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-0264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dexin Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067147528","display_name":"Xingpeng Xuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingpeng Xuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073890914","display_name":"Jia Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84116799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"06","first_page":"845","last_page":"870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.7938922643661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.7721890807151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6973803043365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.6108389496803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-bug","display_name":"Security bug","score":0.49409058690071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.4633527100086212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.41212114691734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.38241079449653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.34146884083747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.33329087495803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.28930777311325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.2255098819732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.13574185967445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.08138850331306458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.7938922643661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.7721890807151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6973803043365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.6108389496803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131275738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445023","display_name":"Security bug","level":5,"score":0.49409058690071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4633527100086212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.41212114691734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.38241079449653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.34146884083747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.33329087495803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.28930777311325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2255098819732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.13574185967445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.08138850331306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218194022500292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194022500292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131442419","display_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0218-1940","issn":["0218-1940","1793-6403"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G36397680","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df7\u548c\u6548\u5e94\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u6709\u6548\u6027\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006146889","https://openalex.org/W2011320632","https://openalex.org/W2016637318","https://openalex.org/W2061968114","https://openalex.org/W2095445208","https://openalex.org/W2109156518","https://openalex.org/W2110762996","https://openalex.org/W2154183829","https://openalex.org/W2461570336","https://openalex.org/W2724374034","https://openalex.org/W2766411424","https://openalex.org/W2789444109","https://openalex.org/W2889801262","https://openalex.org/W2944084415","https://openalex.org/W2967457710","https://openalex.org/W2968594320","https://openalex.org/W3142566747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2529681551","https://openalex.org/W2235766367","https://openalex.org/W1582950852","https://openalex.org/W1852679760","https://openalex.org/W2976477659","https://openalex.org/W4250110356","https://openalex.org/W858026363","https://openalex.org/W1020515067","https://openalex.org/W4229549207","https://openalex.org/W2338961676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PHP":[0,59,61,64,72,75,89,170,238,247,259],"(Hypertext":[1],"Preprocessor)":[2],"is":[3,172],"a":[4],"scripting":[5],"language":[6],"that":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"widely":[10],"used":[11],"in":[12,23,50,58,71,82,169,175,231,239,248],"web":[13],"development.":[14],"This":[15],"paper":[16],"conducts":[17],"an":[18],"empirical":[19],"study":[20],"on":[21],"bugs":[22,57,67,78,106,128,145,158,168,180,183,191,201,204,230,252],"PHP.":[24,232],"By":[25],"analyzing":[26],"35,921":[27],"bug":[28],"reports,":[29],"6524":[30],"revisions,":[31],"and":[32,63,74,94,111,137,181,202,219,250,255],"root":[33,188],"causes":[34,189],"of":[35,88,104,132,135,144,167,190,221,229,237,246,258],"randomly":[36],"selected":[37],"500":[38],"bugs,":[39,52,156,197],"we":[40],"find":[41],"that:":[42],"(1)":[43],"Among":[44],"all":[45],"the":[46,55,83,130,185,198,217],"385":[47],"versions":[48,87],"involved":[49],"these":[51],"there":[53],"are":[54,68,79,98,113,139,159,184,205],"most":[56,127],"4.0.4,":[60],"4.0.6,":[62],"4.0.3;":[65],"Documentation":[66],"mainly":[69],"distributed":[70,80],"4.y.z":[73],"5.y.z;":[76],"Security":[77],"primarily":[81],"relatively":[84],"later":[85],"normal":[86],"5.y.z.":[90],"(2)":[91],"Documentation,":[92],"Compile,":[93],"Scripting":[95],"Engine":[96],"packages":[97],"greatly":[99],"affected":[100,115],"by":[101,116],"bugs;":[102],"73.71%":[103],"documentation":[105,155,182],"affect":[107],"documentation;":[108],"PHAR,":[109],"EXIF,":[110],"GD":[112],"more":[114,147,160,186,206,253],"security":[117,157],"bugs.":[118,223],"(3)":[119],"It":[120,233],"may":[121],"be":[122,163],"not":[123],"difficult":[124,161],"to":[125,151,162],"repair":[126],"since":[129],"number":[131],"modified":[133],"lines":[134],"code":[136],"files":[138],"limited;":[140],"However,":[141],"nearly":[142],"11%":[143],"need":[146],"than":[148,174,192,207],"one":[149],"year":[150],"repair;":[152],"Compared":[153],"with":[154],"repaired;":[164],"The":[165],"duration":[166],"8.y.z":[171],"shorter":[173],"other":[176],"versions.":[177],"(4)":[178],"Semantic":[179],"common":[187],"others.":[193,208],"Besides,":[194],"among":[195],"semantic":[196],"\u201cMissing":[199],"Features\u201d":[200],"\u201cProcessing\u201d":[203],"These":[209,224],"results":[210],"could":[211,234],"indicate":[212],"some":[213,227],"potential":[214,261],"problems":[215],"during":[216],"detecting":[218,249],"repairing":[220,251],"PHP\u2019s":[222],"findings":[225],"reveal":[226],"laws":[228],"assist":[235,244],"developers":[236],"improving":[240],"their":[241],"development":[242],"quality,":[243],"maintainers":[245],"effectively,":[254],"suggest":[256],"users":[257],"evade":[260],"risks.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
