{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160538888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194010004694","title":"USING CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION TO CLARIFY CROSS-SPECIES GENE NORMALIZATION AMBIGUITY","display_name":"USING CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION TO CLARIFY CROSS-SPECIES GENE NORMALIZATION AMBIGUITY","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160538888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194010004694","mag":"2160538888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218194010004694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194010004694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131442419","display_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0218-1940","issn":["0218-1940","1793-6403"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030771512","display_name":"Richard Tzong\u2010Han Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-107X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"RICHARD TZONG-HAN TSAI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016587469","display_name":"Po\u2010Ting Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2025-318X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PO-TING LAI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030771512"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1447631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"02","first_page":"197","last_page":"214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11642","display_name":"Genomics and Rare Diseases","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.8625829219818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7404627203941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6999506950378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6764583587646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.5552725195884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-nomenclature","display_name":"Gene nomenclature","score":0.5396047234535217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48545509576797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromosome","display_name":"Chromosome","score":0.4844636917114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44048523902893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.42747771739959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.36141055822372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3602747321128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.20612287521362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.16782927513122559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.10817599296569824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.8625829219818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7404627203941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6999506950378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6764583587646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5552725195884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62177273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531556","display_name":"Gene nomenclature","level":4,"score":0.5396047234535217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48545509576797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30481170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37748","display_name":"Chromosome","level":3,"score":0.4844636917114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44048523902893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42747771739959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.36141055822372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3602747321128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20612287521362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.16782927513122559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.10817599296569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514705636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863247","display_name":"Nomenclature","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218194010004694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194010004694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131442419","display_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0218-1940","issn":["0218-1940","1793-6403"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321041","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W642409479","https://openalex.org/W1525742988","https://openalex.org/W1646278814","https://openalex.org/W1761407949","https://openalex.org/W1973646872","https://openalex.org/W1991154713","https://openalex.org/W2006673229","https://openalex.org/W2009570821","https://openalex.org/W2039612385","https://openalex.org/W2044602212","https://openalex.org/W2061396354","https://openalex.org/W2061716729","https://openalex.org/W2064030835","https://openalex.org/W2094591616","https://openalex.org/W2097898123","https://openalex.org/W2101265630","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2121802207","https://openalex.org/W2122763686","https://openalex.org/W2123439964","https://openalex.org/W2127112494","https://openalex.org/W2129113459","https://openalex.org/W2133627190","https://openalex.org/W2140407633","https://openalex.org/W2146725729","https://openalex.org/W2154142897","https://openalex.org/W2159203162","https://openalex.org/W2159640576","https://openalex.org/W2164688101","https://openalex.org/W4213060373","https://openalex.org/W4245668478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,108],"goal":[1],"of":[2,13,30,116],"Gene":[3],"Normalization":[4],"(GN)":[5],"is":[6],"to":[7,41,58,71,82],"identify":[8],"the":[9,28,35,47,90,130],"unique":[10],"database":[11,43],"IDs":[12,44],"genes":[14],"and":[15],"proteins":[16],"mentioned":[17],"in":[18,24,49,62],"biomedical":[19],"literature.":[20],"A":[21],"major":[22],"difficulty":[23],"GN":[25,92],"comes":[26],"from":[27],"ambiguity":[29],"gene":[31,37],"names.":[32],"That":[33],"is,":[34],"same":[36],"name":[38],"can":[39],"refer":[40],"different":[42],"depending":[45],"on":[46,89,101],"species":[48],"question.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,73,76],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,78],"introduce":[55],"a":[56,102,112],"method":[57,100],"exploit":[59],"contextual":[60],"information":[61],"an":[63],"abstract,":[64],"like":[65],"tissue":[66],"type,":[67],"chromosome":[68],"location,":[69],"etc.,":[70],"tackle":[72],"problem.":[74],"Using":[75],"technique,":[77],"have":[79],"been":[80],"able":[81],"improve":[83],"system":[84,131],"performance":[85,114,132],"(F-score)":[86],"by":[87],"14.3%":[88],"BioCreAtIvE-II":[91],"task":[93],"test":[94],"set.":[95],"We":[96],"also":[97,121],"examined":[98],"our":[99],"full-text":[103],"dataset":[104],"with":[105,124],"cross-species":[106],"genes.":[107],"experimental":[109,119],"results":[110,120],"show":[111,122],"promising":[113],"(AUC)":[115],"42.94%.":[117],"Our":[118],"that":[123],"full":[125],"text,":[126],"versus":[127],"abstract":[128],"only,":[129],"was":[133],"12.24%":[134],"higher.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
