{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162763120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194006002719","title":"A COMPARISON OF EFFORT ESTIMATION METHODS FOR 4GL PROGRAMS: EXPERIENCES WITH STATISTICS AND DATA MINING","display_name":"A COMPARISON OF EFFORT ESTIMATION METHODS FOR 4GL PROGRAMS: EXPERIENCES WITH STATISTICS AND DATA MINING","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162763120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194006002719","mag":"2162763120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218194006002719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194006002719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131442419","display_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0218-1940","issn":["0218-1940","1793-6403"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://idus.us.es/handle//11441/144909","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036001529","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 C. Riquelme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8243-2186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JOSE C. RIQUELME","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Sevilla, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Av. Reina Mercedes S/N, Seville, 41012, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Sevilla, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Av. Reina Mercedes S/N, Seville, 41012, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071978590","display_name":"Macario Polo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-6196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","display_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/05r78ng12","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MACARIO POLO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Castilla La Mancha, Escuela Superior de Inform\u00e1tica, Ronda de Calatrava 5, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Castilla La Mancha, Escuela Superior de Inform\u00e1tica, Ronda de Calatrava 5, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049817649","display_name":"Jes\u00fas S. Aguilar\u2013Ruiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-293X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JESUS S. AGUILAR\u2013RUIZ","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Sevilla, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Av. Reina Mercedes S/N, Seville, 41012, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Sevilla, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Av. Reina Mercedes S/N, Seville, 41012, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083263115","display_name":"Mario Piattini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7212-8279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","display_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/05r78ng12","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MARIO PIATTINI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Castilla La Mancha, Escuela Superior de Inform\u00e1tica, Ronda de Calatrava 5, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Castilla La Mancha, Escuela Superior de Inform\u00e1tica, Ronda de Calatrava 5, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057043025","display_name":"Francisco J. Ferrer-Troyano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-2940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"FRANCISCO J. FERRER\u2013TROYANO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Sevilla, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Av. Reina Mercedes S/N, Seville, 41012, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Sevilla, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Av. Reina Mercedes S/N, Seville, 41012, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025649517","display_name":"Francisco Ru\u00edz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4923-7848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","display_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/05r78ng12","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"FRANCISCO RUIZ","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Castilla La Mancha, Escuela Superior de Inform\u00e1tica, Ronda de Calatrava 5, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Castilla La Mancha, Escuela Superior de Inform\u00e1tica, Ronda de Calatrava 5, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036001529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8208,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8471171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"01","first_page":"127","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.9161242246627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6884589791297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6142692565917969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5646142959594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.469440221786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.43731889128685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34861916303634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31095629930496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.21456733345985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1013886034488678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.9161242246627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6884589791297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6142692565917969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5646142959594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.469440221786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.43731889128685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34861916303634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31095629930496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.21456733345985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1013886034488678}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218194006002719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218194006002719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131442419","display_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0218-1940","issn":["0218-1940","1793-6403"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:idus.us.es:11441/144909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://idus.us.es/handle//11441/144909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400333","display_name":"idUS (Universidad de Sevilla)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:idus.us.es:11441/144909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://idus.us.es/handle//11441/144909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400333","display_name":"idUS (Universidad de Sevilla)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161420849","https://openalex.org/W179340165","https://openalex.org/W1504694836","https://openalex.org/W1525831823","https://openalex.org/W1575961892","https://openalex.org/W1607753316","https://openalex.org/W1610836425","https://openalex.org/W1847417405","https://openalex.org/W1977852392","https://openalex.org/W2001181241","https://openalex.org/W2021779416","https://openalex.org/W2027754909","https://openalex.org/W2063393232","https://openalex.org/W2122519137","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2132370642","https://openalex.org/W2167926541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160765347","https://openalex.org/W2372410743","https://openalex.org/W2064378805","https://openalex.org/W2505444316","https://openalex.org/W2367316285","https://openalex.org/W2386133149","https://openalex.org/W2371482553","https://openalex.org/W2742441410","https://openalex.org/W2370448681","https://openalex.org/W2594414941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"empirical":[4],"study":[5],"analysing":[6],"the":[7,38,52,64,68,85,99,116,124,134],"relationship":[8],"between":[9],"a":[10,77,140],"set":[11,78],"of":[12,30,48,79,91,102,126],"metrics":[13,42],"for":[14,83,133],"Fourth\u2013Generation":[15],"Languages":[16],"(4GL)":[17],"programs":[18],"and":[19,34,43,51,81],"their":[20],"maintainability.":[21],"An":[22],"analysis":[23],"has":[24],"been":[25],"made":[26],"using":[27,106],"historical":[28],"data":[29],"several":[31],"industrial":[32],"projects":[33],"three":[35,69],"different":[36],"approaches:":[37],"first":[39],"one":[40],"relates":[41],"maintainability":[44],"based":[45,56],"on":[46,57,63],"techniques":[47,70],"descriptive":[49],"statistics,":[50],"other":[53],"two":[54],"are":[55],"Data":[58],"Mining":[59],"techniques.":[60],"A":[61],"discussion":[62],"results":[65,120],"obtained":[66],"with":[67],"is":[71],"also":[72],"presented,":[73],"as":[74,76,123],"well":[75],"equations":[80],"rules":[82],"predicting":[84],"maintenance":[86],"effort":[87],"in":[88,136],"this":[89],"kind":[90],"programs.":[92],"Finally,":[93],"we":[94],"have":[95],"done":[96],"experiments":[97],"about":[98],"prediction":[100],"accuracy":[101],"these":[103],"methods":[104],"by":[105],"new":[107],"unseen":[108],"data,":[109],"which":[110],"were":[111,121],"not":[112],"used":[113],"to":[114,138],"build":[115],"knowledge":[117],"model.":[118],"The":[119],"satisfactory":[122],"application":[125],"each":[127],"technique":[128],"separately":[129],"provides":[130],"useful":[131],"perspective":[132],"manager":[135],"order":[137],"get":[139],"complementary":[141],"insight":[142],"from":[143],"data.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
