{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102000689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126691000021","title":"MEDIAN BASED IDEMPOTENT FILTERS","display_name":"MEDIAN BASED IDEMPOTENT FILTERS","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102000689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126691000021","mag":"2102000689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126691000021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126691000021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112058819","display_name":"P. Haavisto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. HAAVISTO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 527, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 527, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007583477","display_name":"Moncef Gabbouj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-2323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. GABBOUJ","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 527, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 527, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108202239","display_name":"Y. Neuvo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. NEUVO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 527, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 527, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9804,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94171975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"01","issue":"02","first_page":"125","last_page":"148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idempotence","display_name":"Idempotence","score":0.7506539821624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6627139449119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.6003663539886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter-design","display_name":"Filter design","score":0.5863357186317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-filter","display_name":"Median filter","score":0.559425413608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-image-filter","display_name":"Composite image filter","score":0.47527116537094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4727362394332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-adaptive-filter","display_name":"Kernel adaptive filter","score":0.46914544701576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighted-median","display_name":"Weighted median","score":0.45127007365226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.4495936930179596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.44801634550094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prototype-filter","display_name":"Prototype filter","score":0.4260365962982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.41195017099380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28744131326675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.28696492314338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2831553518772125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.20987138152122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1974772810935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.19651219248771667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.08051586151123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.055159926414489746}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172252984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368988","display_name":"Idempotence","level":2,"score":0.7506539821624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6627139449119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6003663539886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449227","display_name":"Filter design","level":3,"score":0.5863357186317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55352655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304247","display_name":"Median filter","level":4,"score":0.559425413608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78087231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156759","display_name":"Composite image filter","level":3,"score":0.47527116537094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4727362394332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13107197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6394192","display_name":"Kernel adaptive filter","level":4,"score":0.46914544701576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136368487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7979899","display_name":"Weighted median","level":5,"score":0.45127007365226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4495936930179596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.44801634550094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175742284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415537","display_name":"Prototype filter","level":4,"score":0.4260365962982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.41195017099380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28744131326675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.28696492314338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2831553518772125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.20987138152122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1974772810935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.19651219248771667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.08051586151123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.055159926414489746}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126691000021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126691000021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119624920","https://openalex.org/W2367353075","https://openalex.org/W2152703453","https://openalex.org/W2522817740","https://openalex.org/W346270477","https://openalex.org/W2381379123","https://openalex.org/W2154655659","https://openalex.org/W1510613852","https://openalex.org/W638389252","https://openalex.org/W2183710889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Idempotent":[0],"filters":[1,39,44,63,79,101,122],"produce":[2],"a":[3,7,143],"root":[4],"signal":[5],"in":[6,64,124,129],"single":[8],"filter":[9,13,30,47,135,144,154],"pass,":[10],"i.e.":[11],"the":[12,21,65,94,98,134],"output":[14],"is":[15,70,115,137],"invariant":[16],"to":[17,36,112,146],"further":[18],"filterings":[19],"with":[20],"same":[22],"filter.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper":[26],"median":[27,43,46,55,153],"based":[28],"idempotent":[29,53,148,152],"structures":[31],"are":[32,40,67,102,123,149,159],"introduced.":[33,68],"Two":[34,49,151],"approaches":[35],"generate":[37],"these":[38,121],"studied:":[41],"weighted":[42,54],"and":[45,60,76,87,156],"cascades.":[48],"subclasses":[50],"of":[51,97,120],"n-dimensional":[52,84],"filters,":[56],"called":[57],"Class":[58,61,74,77],"1":[59,75],"2":[62,78],"paper,":[66],"It":[69],"shown":[71],"that":[72],"both":[73],"suppress":[80],"impulsive":[81],"noise":[82],"from":[83],"input":[85],"signals":[86],"yet":[88],"have":[89],"almost":[90],"no":[91],"effect":[92],"on":[93],"non-corrupted":[95],"parts":[96],"signal.":[99],"These":[100],"therefore":[103],"well-suited":[104],"for":[105,107,142],"example":[106],"preprocessing":[108],"purposes.":[109],"An":[110],"application":[111],"speech":[113],"processing":[114,126],"described.":[116],"Other":[117],"likely":[118],"applications":[119],"image":[125,130],"and,":[127],"also,":[128],"sequence":[131],"processing,":[132],"where":[133],"mask":[136],"typically":[138],"3-dimensional.":[139],"Sufficient":[140],"conditions":[141],"cascade":[145],"be":[147],"given.":[150],"cascades":[155],"their":[157],"advantages":[158],"discussed.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}