{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405080829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126625501634","title":"Enhanced Data-Driven Framework for Anomaly Detection in Smart Grid IEDs","display_name":"Enhanced Data-Driven Framework for Anomaly Detection in Smart Grid IEDs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405080829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126625501634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126625501634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126625501634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nguyen Khanh Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2133-0692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75357094","display_name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qkq2m54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen Khanh Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Data Edge Analytics Laboratory, International Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2133-0692","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Data Edge Analytics Laboratory, International Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072241102","display_name":"Arun Kumar Sangaiah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-2460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75357094","display_name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qkq2m54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Kumar Sangaiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Data Edge Analytics Laboratory, International Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-2460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Data Edge Analytics Laboratory, International Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082046982","display_name":"Darshan Vishwasrao Medhane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3532-3710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darshan Vishwasrao Medhane","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3532-3710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075968009","display_name":"Mohammed J. F. Alenazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-112X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed J. F. Alenazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-112X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046464125","display_name":"Salman A. AlQahtani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-1774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman A. AlQahtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-1774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023252755","display_name":"Majed Aborokbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7376-1458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majed Aborokbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7376-1458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5972224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"07","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6815788149833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5338211059570312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4225670099258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4127545952796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.25074273347854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.211978018283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18426784873008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10179564356803894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6815788149833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5338211059570312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4225670099258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4127545952796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.25074273347854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.211978018283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18426784873008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10179564356803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126625501634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126625501634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1867593686","https://openalex.org/W1972523481","https://openalex.org/W1977555035","https://openalex.org/W1982457390","https://openalex.org/W1991116769","https://openalex.org/W1991510770","https://openalex.org/W2003530067","https://openalex.org/W2020524857","https://openalex.org/W2025484710","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2060987554","https://openalex.org/W2072277948","https://openalex.org/W2101326668","https://openalex.org/W2217197715","https://openalex.org/W2420094534","https://openalex.org/W2529071426","https://openalex.org/W2539445981","https://openalex.org/W2547085969","https://openalex.org/W2589002696","https://openalex.org/W2605163979","https://openalex.org/W2740388988","https://openalex.org/W2766137033","https://openalex.org/W2800348009","https://openalex.org/W2806820837","https://openalex.org/W2808308552","https://openalex.org/W2811004255","https://openalex.org/W2899685079","https://openalex.org/W2955881216","https://openalex.org/W2989699619","https://openalex.org/W3004104930","https://openalex.org/W3012437309","https://openalex.org/W3030043615","https://openalex.org/W3093981769","https://openalex.org/W3120090788","https://openalex.org/W3137612455","https://openalex.org/W3143075161","https://openalex.org/W3163895120","https://openalex.org/W4200037416","https://openalex.org/W4200099981","https://openalex.org/W4205365495","https://openalex.org/W4214916418","https://openalex.org/W4226333495","https://openalex.org/W4283019189","https://openalex.org/W4285230003","https://openalex.org/W4300672471","https://openalex.org/W4379033766","https://openalex.org/W4382865033","https://openalex.org/W4385486439","https://openalex.org/W4386996574","https://openalex.org/W4387885864","https://openalex.org/W4392607888","https://openalex.org/W4399563820","https://openalex.org/W4400316269","https://openalex.org/W4400721089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,120],"incorporation":[1],"of":[2,25,61,91],"Information":[3],"and":[4,48,59,80,95,112,131,139,152,163],"Communication":[5],"Technologies":[6],"(ICT)":[7],"into":[8,15],"traditional":[9],"power":[10,50],"grids":[11],"has":[12],"transformed":[13],"them":[14],"smart":[16,62,92,117],"grids,":[17],"revolutionizing":[18],"energy":[19,78],"management":[20],"systems.":[21,119],"At":[22],"the":[23,57,89,144,155],"core":[24],"this":[26],"transformation":[27],"are":[28,53,67],"Intelligent":[29],"Electronic":[30],"Devices":[31],"(IEDs),":[32],"which":[33],"provide":[34],"essential":[35],"data":[36,130],"for":[37,55,126],"key":[38],"Energy":[39],"Management":[40],"System":[41],"(EMS)":[42],"applications,":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45,169],"state":[46],"estimation":[47],"optimal":[49],"flow.":[51],"IEDs":[52],"critical":[54],"ensuring":[56,127],"stability":[58],"security":[60],"grid":[63,93,118],"operations,":[64],"but":[65],"they":[66],"also":[68],"vulnerable":[69],"to":[70,87,99,110],"various":[71],"anomalies,":[72],"including":[73],"infrastructure":[74],"faults,":[75],"equipment":[76],"malfunctions,":[77],"theft,":[79],"cyberattacks.":[81,174],"Detecting":[82],"these":[83],"anomalies":[84,114],"is":[85],"vital":[86],"maintaining":[88],"reliability":[90],"systems":[94],"preventing":[96],"potential":[97],"threats":[98],"national":[100],"security.":[101],"This":[102],"study":[103],"introduces":[104],"a":[105,123],"statistical":[106],"data-driven":[107],"framework":[108,121,156],"designed":[109],"detect":[111],"explain":[113],"in":[115,160,166],"IED-based":[116],"includes":[122],"preprocessing":[124],"module":[125,135],"high-quality":[128],"input":[129],"an":[132],"anomaly":[133,161],"detection":[134,162],"that":[136],"prioritizes":[137],"interpretability":[138],"explainability.":[140],"Using":[141],"methods":[142],"like":[143],"Gaussian":[145],"Mixture":[146],"Model":[147],"(GMM),":[148],"Kalman":[149],"Filter":[150],"(KF),":[151],"ExtraTree":[153],"Classifier,":[154],"achieves":[157],"99%":[158],"accuracy":[159,165],"88%":[164],"classifying":[167],"events":[168],"either":[170],"natural":[171],"occurrences":[172],"or":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}