{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323536525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126623300052","title":"A Comprehensive Study of Different Techniques for Voltage References","display_name":"A Comprehensive Study of Different Techniques for Voltage References","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323536525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126623300052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126623300052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126623300052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083610934","display_name":"Komal Duggal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-8240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143260","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women","ror":"https://ror.org/057c5p638","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143260"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Komal Duggal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, New Delhi 110006, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, New Delhi 110006, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143260"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061757586","display_name":"Rishikesh Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1369-7073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rishikesh Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1369-7073","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067248884","display_name":"Vandana Niranjan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-176X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143260","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women","ror":"https://ror.org/057c5p638","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143260"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vandana Niranjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, New Delhi 110006, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, New Delhi 110006, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143260"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061757586"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9627,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71084083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"15","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandgap-voltage-reference","display_name":"Bandgap voltage reference","score":0.7146716117858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-supply-rejection-ratio","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","score":0.6991733908653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-reference","display_name":"Voltage reference","score":0.6565672755241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.575692355632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5500645637512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5244284272193909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5104655027389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4868471026420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4830635190010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4795365333557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulator","display_name":"Voltage regulator","score":0.47489991784095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulation","display_name":"Voltage regulation","score":0.4710899293422699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-divider","display_name":"Voltage divider","score":0.4438777267932892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout-voltage","display_name":"Dropout voltage","score":0.356107234954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switched-mode-power-supply","display_name":"Switched-mode power supply","score":0.3106943964958191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23962903022766113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127033052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48635","display_name":"Bandgap voltage reference","level":5,"score":0.7146716117858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15892472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1482413","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","level":4,"score":0.6991733908653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44351266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465532","display_name":"Voltage reference","level":3,"score":0.6565672755241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.575692355632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5500645637512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5244284272193909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5104655027389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4868471026420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4830635190010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4795365333557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110706871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Voltage regulator","level":3,"score":0.47489991784095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196226539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940752","display_name":"Voltage regulation","level":3,"score":0.4710899293422699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49324399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466758","display_name":"Voltage divider","level":3,"score":0.4438777267932892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15032970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Dropout voltage","level":4,"score":0.356107234954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151799858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587008","display_name":"Switched-mode power supply","level":3,"score":0.3106943964958191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23962903022766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126623300052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126623300052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505069169","https://openalex.org/W1507521696","https://openalex.org/W1510184730","https://openalex.org/W1535129988","https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W1572476615","https://openalex.org/W1597620877","https://openalex.org/W1597866562","https://openalex.org/W1860368624","https://openalex.org/W1976272148","https://openalex.org/W1984863066","https://openalex.org/W1992889283","https://openalex.org/W1994057142","https://openalex.org/W2002682182","https://openalex.org/W2002738233","https://openalex.org/W2005534145","https://openalex.org/W2007091040","https://openalex.org/W2008740692","https://openalex.org/W2010937427","https://openalex.org/W2023632967","https://openalex.org/W2034730101","https://openalex.org/W2040923619","https://openalex.org/W2046431124","https://openalex.org/W2063976541","https://openalex.org/W2074893556","https://openalex.org/W2094154976","https://openalex.org/W2098227045","https://openalex.org/W2099403566","https://openalex.org/W2128134737","https://openalex.org/W2133201500","https://openalex.org/W2134173566","https://openalex.org/W2134241135","https://openalex.org/W2137631695","https://openalex.org/W2141911137","https://openalex.org/W2146031070","https://openalex.org/W2146324717","https://openalex.org/W2147646773","https://openalex.org/W2148392146","https://openalex.org/W2259742656","https://openalex.org/W2337659450","https://openalex.org/W2425828194","https://openalex.org/W2509281929","https://openalex.org/W2553669822","https://openalex.org/W2561636458","https://openalex.org/W2589037223","https://openalex.org/W2590863056","https://openalex.org/W2605504539","https://openalex.org/W2625363942","https://openalex.org/W2747621485","https://openalex.org/W2750641631","https://openalex.org/W2753855527","https://openalex.org/W2763794291","https://openalex.org/W2770248537","https://openalex.org/W2791127224","https://openalex.org/W2792320187","https://openalex.org/W2800389333","https://openalex.org/W2803165340","https://openalex.org/W2803626158","https://openalex.org/W2806976375","https://openalex.org/W2886637678","https://openalex.org/W2889342715","https://openalex.org/W2891699929","https://openalex.org/W2907819392","https://openalex.org/W2912997745","https://openalex.org/W2914769588","https://openalex.org/W2943917441","https://openalex.org/W2947956670","https://openalex.org/W2954523839","https://openalex.org/W2964888088","https://openalex.org/W2978954010","https://openalex.org/W2984040500","https://openalex.org/W2991015169","https://openalex.org/W2999857069","https://openalex.org/W3001015923","https://openalex.org/W3006127622","https://openalex.org/W3022439374","https://openalex.org/W3026472294","https://openalex.org/W3036849301","https://openalex.org/W3038270311","https://openalex.org/W3048522887","https://openalex.org/W3085521269","https://openalex.org/W3086827661","https://openalex.org/W3091425685","https://openalex.org/W3110629593","https://openalex.org/W3121616045","https://openalex.org/W3133329920","https://openalex.org/W3133914136","https://openalex.org/W3135845707","https://openalex.org/W3161080068","https://openalex.org/W3162326759","https://openalex.org/W3185792152","https://openalex.org/W3186234854","https://openalex.org/W3190616935","https://openalex.org/W3211307482","https://openalex.org/W4205775315","https://openalex.org/W4220933843","https://openalex.org/W4239489051","https://openalex.org/W4312323842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347289947","https://openalex.org/W2388657413","https://openalex.org/W2372624045","https://openalex.org/W3128511607","https://openalex.org/W2348464439","https://openalex.org/W2038852706","https://openalex.org/W2359920985","https://openalex.org/W2225727459","https://openalex.org/W2391314465","https://openalex.org/W2563838980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,39,42,68,71,75,78,100,109,145,150],"analog":[2],"and":[3,23,59,116,152],"mixed-signal":[4],"integrated":[5],"circuits,":[6],"voltage":[7,94,114,118,146],"references":[8,46,115,147],"that":[9,52,141],"are":[10,33,47,83],"independent":[11],"of":[12,27,41,49,70,77,102,122],"various":[13],"factors":[14],"such":[15,125],"as":[16,29,31,126,148],"temperature":[17,132],"drift,":[18],"noise,":[19,130],"supply":[20],"voltage,":[21],"etc.,":[22,134],"efficient":[24],"in":[25,35,55,112,120,137],"terms":[26,121],"power":[28],"well":[30],"area,":[32],"highly":[34],"demand":[36],"to":[37],"improve":[38],"efficiency":[40],"overall":[43],"circuits.":[44],"Voltage":[45],"one":[48],"those":[50],"circuits":[51],"have":[53],"applications":[54,151],"both":[56],"high-power":[57],"systems":[58],"low-power":[60],"system-on-chip":[61],"(SoC)":[62],"designs":[63],"for":[64,85],"wireless":[65],"connectivity":[66],"like":[67],"internet":[69,76],"things":[72,80],"(IoT)":[73],"or":[74,90,98],"medical":[79],"(IoMT).":[81],"They":[82],"responsible":[84],"providing":[86],"a":[87],"stable":[88],"bias":[89],"reference":[91,95],"voltage.":[92],"Thus,":[93],"influences":[96],"directly":[97],"indirectly":[99],"performance":[101,123],"these":[103],"systems.":[104],"A":[105],"comparative":[106],"study":[107],"between":[108],"techniques":[110],"used":[111],"bandgap":[113],"CMOS":[117],"references,":[119],"parameters":[124],"line":[127],"sensitivity,":[128],"output":[129],"PSRR,":[131],"coefficient,":[133],"is":[135],"presented":[136],"this":[138],"paper":[139],"so":[140],"we":[142],"can":[143],"choose":[144],"per":[149],"environment.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}