{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282976711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126622502991","title":"Droplet Routing Based on Double Deep Q-Network Algorithm for Digital Microfluidic Biochips","display_name":"Droplet Routing Based on Double Deep Q-Network Algorithm for Digital Microfluidic Biochips","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282976711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126622502991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126622502991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126622502991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050038286","display_name":"Kolluri Rajesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-7225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kolluri Rajesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071556760","display_name":"Sumanta Pyne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-4002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumanta Pyne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050038286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56147917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"17","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochip","display_name":"Biochip","score":0.8339149355888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.7240527868270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6797953248023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miniaturization","display_name":"Miniaturization","score":0.515072762966156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.513144314289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5125860571861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-algorithm","display_name":"Routing algorithm","score":0.47885820269584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics","display_name":"Microfluidics","score":0.46374496817588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-design-automation","display_name":"Electronic design automation","score":0.4366389513015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.41073596477508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34817034006118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2870418429374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.23363140225410461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.13631945848464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1282956898212433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.1272474229335785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87892846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864256","display_name":"Biochip","level":2,"score":0.8339149355888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.7240527868270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6797953248023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57528182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271842","display_name":"Miniaturization","level":2,"score":0.515072762966156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.513144314289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5125860571861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984173633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22725","display_name":"Routing algorithm","level":4,"score":0.47885820269584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.46374496817588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64260653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194864","display_name":"Electronic design automation","level":2,"score":0.4366389513015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.41073596477508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34817034006118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2870418429374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.23363140225410461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.13631945848464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1282956898212433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1272474229335785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126622502991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126622502991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603428277","https://openalex.org/W1902734869","https://openalex.org/W1909235131","https://openalex.org/W1973771164","https://openalex.org/W2058157955","https://openalex.org/W2099652466","https://openalex.org/W2119985798","https://openalex.org/W2124253086","https://openalex.org/W2127538459","https://openalex.org/W2142581655","https://openalex.org/W2142595132","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2596585349","https://openalex.org/W2753728801","https://openalex.org/W2767347856","https://openalex.org/W3092914657","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4247435749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364922518","https://openalex.org/W1834829329","https://openalex.org/W2738065864","https://openalex.org/W2757330072","https://openalex.org/W4299585159","https://openalex.org/W2166910382","https://openalex.org/W2127309751","https://openalex.org/W2055762461","https://openalex.org/W4253948146","https://openalex.org/W2064358012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"microfluidic":[1],"biochips":[2],"(DMFBs)":[3],"are":[4,23,98,105],"emerging":[5],"as":[6,127],"an":[7],"alternative":[8],"to":[9,52,158],"the":[10,92,148],"cumbersome":[11],"traditional":[12],"laboratories":[13],"for":[14,43,96,129],"biochemical":[15],"analysis.":[16],"DMFBs":[17,29],"come":[18],"under":[19],"micro-electro-mechanical":[20],"systems":[21],"and":[22,33,102,122],"a":[24,44,57,62,75,86],"class":[25],"of":[26,46,115],"lab-on-a-chip":[27],"devices.":[28],"provide":[30],"automation,":[31],"miniaturization":[32],"software":[34],"programmability.":[35],"The":[36,111,134],"droplet":[37,67,151],"routing":[38,68,130,152],"algorithm":[39,69,80,131,153],"determines":[40],"concurrent":[41],"routes":[42,95],"set":[45],"droplets":[47,97,116],"from":[48],"their":[49],"source":[50],"cells":[51,55],"individual":[53],"target":[54,121],"on":[56,139],"DMFB.":[58],"In":[59,91],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"double":[63],"deep":[64,78,87],"Q-network":[65],"(DDQN)-based":[66],"has":[70],"been":[71],"proposed.":[72],"DDQN":[73],"is":[74,125,137],"temporal":[76],"difference-based":[77],"reinforcement":[79],"that":[81,147],"combines":[82],"Double":[83],"Q-learning":[84],"with":[85],"neural":[88],"network":[89],"algorithm.":[90],"proposed":[93,135,149],"work,":[94],"determined":[99],"by":[100],"DDQN,":[101],"later":[103],"collisions":[104],"resolved":[106],"using":[107],"stalling":[108],"and/or":[109],"detouring.":[110],"latest":[112],"arrival":[113],"time":[114],"arriving":[117],"last":[118],"at":[119],"its":[120],"cell":[123],"utilization":[124],"taken":[126],"objectives":[128],"performance":[132],"evaluation.":[133],"method":[136],"evaluated":[138],"two":[140],"standard":[141],"benchmark":[142],"suites.":[143],"Simulation":[144],"results":[145,156],"show":[146],"DDQN-based":[150],"produces":[154],"competitive":[155],"compared":[157],"state-of-the-art":[159],"algorithms.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}