{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229450116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126622502103","title":"Bug-Transformer: Automated Program Repair Using Attention-Based Deep Neural Network","display_name":"Bug-Transformer: Automated Program Repair Using Attention-Based Deep Neural Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229450116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126622502103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126622502103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126622502103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101846340","display_name":"Jie Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0533-6657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0533-6657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023368586","display_name":"Bingbing Rao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingbing Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 32816, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 32816, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007723033","display_name":"Weiwei Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6378-926X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427863","display_name":"Liqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-4656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 32816, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 32816, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007723033","https://openalex.org/A5100427863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777","https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5487,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86041718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"12","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8749799728393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6911432147026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5782567858695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5593892335891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5496646761894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.513494074344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.46891650557518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.458005428314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4107493758201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3578926920890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.350441575050354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8749799728393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6911432147026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5782567858695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5593892335891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5496646761894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.513494074344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46891650557518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.458005428314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4107493758201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3578926920890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.350441575050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126622502103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126622502103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G210926631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2812548552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1704309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483874305","https://openalex.org/W1553894716","https://openalex.org/W2065489029","https://openalex.org/W2066714497","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2605202003","https://openalex.org/W2740130862","https://openalex.org/W2799855324","https://openalex.org/W2899516694","https://openalex.org/W2950599942","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2972082064","https://openalex.org/W3085192122","https://openalex.org/W3104907093","https://openalex.org/W3116036704","https://openalex.org/W3133177552","https://openalex.org/W3146720657","https://openalex.org/W3168798228","https://openalex.org/W3201410046","https://openalex.org/W3202810279","https://openalex.org/W3207208339","https://openalex.org/W3208407575","https://openalex.org/W3210971248","https://openalex.org/W3215141990","https://openalex.org/W4288614128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3049463507","https://openalex.org/W2936497627","https://openalex.org/W4288365749","https://openalex.org/W3013624417","https://openalex.org/W2099969795","https://openalex.org/W3120493416","https://openalex.org/W4287826556","https://openalex.org/W4287598411","https://openalex.org/W3098382480","https://openalex.org/W3198458223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,90],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,94],"propose":[4],"a":[5,18,30,50,96,222],"novel":[6,97],"transformer-based":[7],"deep":[8,31],"neural":[9,58,104,184],"network":[10,185],"model":[11,33,40,83],"to":[12,39,53,101,145,186,193,218],"learn":[13],"semantic":[14,143,175],"bug":[15,198],"patterns":[16],"from":[17],"corpus":[19],"of":[20,71,111,204,245,268,276,291],"buggy/fixed":[21],"codes,":[22],"then":[23],"generate":[24,216],"correct":[25],"ones":[26],"automatically.":[27],"Transformer":[28],"is":[29,109],"learning":[32,57,195],"relying":[34],"entirely":[35],"on":[36,137,209,285],"attention":[37],"mechanism":[38,100],"global":[41],"dependencies":[42],"between":[43],"input":[44,79,178],"and":[45,69,81,121,134,142,150,154,166,174,180,215,243,283],"output.":[46],"Although":[47],"there":[48],"are":[49,74],"few":[51],"endeavors":[52],"repair":[54],"programs":[55],"by":[56],"language":[59,105],"models":[60],"(NLM),":[61],"many":[62],"special":[63],"program":[64],"properties,":[65],"such":[66],"as":[67],"structure":[68,120,165],"semantics":[70],"an":[72],"identifier,":[73],"not":[75],"considered":[76],"in":[77,87,191,249],"embedding":[78],"sequence":[80],"designing":[82],"effectively,":[84],"which":[85,123,254],"results":[86,228],"undesired":[88],"performance.":[89],"the":[91,118,202,205,246,256,266,272,286,292],"proposed":[92,206,232],"Bug-Transformer,":[93],"design":[95],"context":[98],"abstraction":[99],"better":[102,162],"support":[103],"models.":[106,258],"Specifically,":[107],"it":[108],"capable":[110],"1)":[112],"compressing":[113],"code":[114,147,164,172,189,213,220,248],"information":[115,127,176],"but":[116],"preserving":[117],"key":[119],"semantics,":[122],"provides":[124],"more":[125],"thorough":[126],"for":[128,161,197],"NLM":[129],"models,":[130],"2)":[131],"renaming":[132],"identifiers":[133],"literals":[135],"based":[136],"their":[138],"lexical":[139],"scopes,":[140],"structural":[141,173],"information,":[144],"reduce":[146],"vocabulary":[148],"size":[149],"3)":[151],"reserving":[152],"keywords":[153],"selected":[155],"idioms":[156],"(domain-":[157],"or":[158],"developer-specific":[159],"vocabularies)":[160],"understanding":[163],"semantics.":[167],"Hence,":[168],"Bug-Transformer":[169,237],"adequately":[170],"embeds":[171],"into":[177],"data":[179],"optimize":[181],"attention-based":[182],"transformer":[183],"well":[187],"handle":[188],"features":[190],"order":[192],"improve":[194],"tasks":[196],"repair.":[199],"We":[200],"evaluate":[201],"performance":[203],"work":[207,233],"comprehensively":[208],"three":[210,251,287],"datasets":[211],"(Java":[212],"corpora)":[214],"patches":[217,278],"buggy":[219],"using":[221],"beam":[223,269,293],"search":[224],"decoder.":[225],"The":[226],"experimental":[227],"show":[229],"that":[230],"our":[231],"outperforms":[234],"the-state-of-art":[235],"techniques:":[236],"can":[238],"successfully":[239],"predict":[240],"54.81%,":[241],"34.45%,":[242],"42.40%":[244],"fixed":[247],"these":[250],"datasets,":[252],"respectively,":[253,289],"outperform":[255],"baseline":[257],"These":[259],"success":[260],"rates":[261],"steadily":[262],"increase":[263,267],"along":[264],"with":[265],"size.":[270,294],"Besides,":[271],"overall":[273],"syntactic":[274],"correctness":[275],"all":[277],"remains":[279],"above":[280],"97%,":[281],"96%,":[282],"50%":[284],"benchmarks,":[288],"regardless":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
