{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156633201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126621502303","title":"The Impact of Search Engines on Virus Propagation","display_name":"The Impact of Search Engines on Virus Propagation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156633201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126621502303","mag":"3156633201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126621502303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126621502303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038034507","display_name":"Cai Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-3537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cai Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062276658","display_name":"Zhaokang Ke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaokang Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755781","display_name":"Yunhe Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7866-0100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7866-0100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033302204","display_name":"Xiwu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-9848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiwu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044500121","display_name":"Liqing Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5896-0600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqing Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032293410","display_name":"Mingjun Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5734-1486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjun Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038034507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06392869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"13","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.6454706788063049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5919805765151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.5224641561508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunization","display_name":"Immunization","score":0.4464621841907501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.365525484085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.19023802876472473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11785250902175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10142520070075989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.6454706788063049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5919805765151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5224641561508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.4464621841907501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.365525484085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.19023802876472473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11785250902175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10142520070075989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126621502303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126621502303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575078351","https://openalex.org/W1580052004","https://openalex.org/W1978175161","https://openalex.org/W1985184479","https://openalex.org/W1987117885","https://openalex.org/W1995841658","https://openalex.org/W2005813008","https://openalex.org/W2034413844","https://openalex.org/W2042299084","https://openalex.org/W2048616039","https://openalex.org/W2048885124","https://openalex.org/W2055620707","https://openalex.org/W2058807478","https://openalex.org/W2070722739","https://openalex.org/W2084301402","https://openalex.org/W2086640216","https://openalex.org/W2100460448","https://openalex.org/W2103977882","https://openalex.org/W2105979081","https://openalex.org/W2106444274","https://openalex.org/W2124486211","https://openalex.org/W2124637492","https://openalex.org/W2125011234","https://openalex.org/W2128397999","https://openalex.org/W2129934604","https://openalex.org/W2144622325","https://openalex.org/W2148606196","https://openalex.org/W2154416797","https://openalex.org/W2161728228","https://openalex.org/W2165184405","https://openalex.org/W2280094791","https://openalex.org/W2469222837","https://openalex.org/W2614632423","https://openalex.org/W2766895199","https://openalex.org/W2903410716","https://openalex.org/W2910142630","https://openalex.org/W2968554659","https://openalex.org/W2971550508","https://openalex.org/W4235057894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382997850","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,6,11,21,51,57,63,71,81,93,107,114,118,133,155,162,169,177,189],"popularization":[2],"of":[3,8,13,36,53,73,88,135,164,171,191],"computers":[4],"and":[5,28,84,117,153,168],"development":[7],"information":[9,22],"engineering,":[10],"emergence":[12],"search":[14,43,64,74,94,108,178],"engines":[15,75],"makes":[16],"it":[17],"possible":[18],"to":[19,48,138,151],"get":[20],"needed":[23],"from":[24],"big":[25],"data":[26,147],"quickly":[27],"efficiently.":[29],"However,":[30],"in":[31],"recent":[32],"years,":[33],"a":[34,136,139,181],"multiplicity":[35],"new":[37],"viruses":[38],"have":[39,97],"been":[40],"propagated":[41],"by":[42,113,176],"engines.":[44],"Many":[45],"researchers":[46],"choose":[47],"cut":[49],"off":[50],"source":[52],"virus":[54,58,77,137],"propagation,":[55],"ignoring":[56],"immunization":[59,126],"strategy":[60,127],"based":[61,91,105],"on":[62,76,92,106],"engine.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67,125],"paper,":[68],"we":[69],"analyze":[70,154],"impact":[72],"propagation.":[78],"First,":[79],"considering":[80],"immune":[82,89,103,156,185],"effect":[83],"cost,":[85],"two":[86],"kinds":[87],"mechanisms":[90,104],"engine":[95,109,179],"that":[96,124,160],"greater":[98],"practicability":[99],"are":[100,110,149],"defined.":[101],"Second,":[102],"theoretically":[111],"analyzed":[112],"iteration":[115],"method":[116],"dynamic":[119],"method.":[120],"The":[121],"results":[122],"show":[123],"can":[128,187],"slow":[129],"down":[130],"or":[131],"eliminate":[132],"propagation":[134],"certain":[140,182],"extent.":[141],"Third,":[142],"three":[143],"real":[144],"social":[145],"network":[146],"sets":[148],"used":[150],"simulate":[152],"mechanism.":[157],"We":[158],"find":[159],"when":[161],"proportion":[163,170],"nodes":[165,173],"being":[166,174],"infected":[167,172],"identified":[175],"satisfy":[180],"relationship,":[183],"our":[184,195],"mechanism":[186],"inhibit":[188],"spread":[190],"viruses,":[192],"which":[193],"confirms":[194],"theoretical":[196],"analysis":[197],"results.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}