{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044691151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126621500171","title":"LPQ-SAM: A Low-Power Quality Scalable Approximate Multiplier","display_name":"LPQ-SAM: A Low-Power Quality Scalable Approximate Multiplier","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044691151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126621500171","mag":"3044691151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126621500171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126621500171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032511930","display_name":"Sumbal Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5476-2153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sumbal Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University (IIU) Islamabad, Pakistan","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5476-2153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University (IIU) Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066768973","display_name":"Osman Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-2669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osman Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000809180","display_name":"Rehan Hafiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5062-3068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rehan Hafiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology University (ITU), Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology University (ITU), Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038314889","display_name":"Zeshan Aslam Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3902-5814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeshan Aslam Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University (IIU) Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University (IIU) Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032511930"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025","https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2081,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51085314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"01","first_page":"2150017","last_page":"2150017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.8138540983200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.763491153717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6794375777244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.47434890270233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43296319246292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.43165600299835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3666081428527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11840489506721497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8138540983200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.763491153717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6794375777244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.47434890270233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43296319246292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43165600299835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3666081428527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11840489506721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126621500171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126621500171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579004116","https://openalex.org/W1972152721","https://openalex.org/W1997922385","https://openalex.org/W1998824039","https://openalex.org/W2005865544","https://openalex.org/W2009136155","https://openalex.org/W2026445983","https://openalex.org/W2036816792","https://openalex.org/W2048773562","https://openalex.org/W2062168107","https://openalex.org/W2088055313","https://openalex.org/W2100098458","https://openalex.org/W2104578404","https://openalex.org/W2106484393","https://openalex.org/W2108199413","https://openalex.org/W2121069160","https://openalex.org/W2124651102","https://openalex.org/W2126044301","https://openalex.org/W2150100620","https://openalex.org/W2169505706","https://openalex.org/W2188276367","https://openalex.org/W2296514843","https://openalex.org/W2559460803","https://openalex.org/W2896661573","https://openalex.org/W2910414172","https://openalex.org/W3144137741","https://openalex.org/W4234974086","https://openalex.org/W4301485103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W4235240664","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W2757182831","https://openalex.org/W1838576100","https://openalex.org/W2095886385","https://openalex.org/W2889616422","https://openalex.org/W2089704382","https://openalex.org/W1983399550","https://openalex.org/W97075385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximate":[0],"computing":[1],"allows":[2],"compromising":[3],"accuracy":[4,14,74],"to":[5,33,40,114,121],"attain":[6],"energy":[7],"and":[8,22,81,90,101,116,125],"performance":[9],"efficient":[10],"designs.":[11],"However,":[12],"the":[13,53,108,122,134],"requirements":[15],"of":[16,136],"many":[17],"applications":[18],"change":[19],"on":[20,138],"runtime":[21],"it":[23,83,102,111],"has":[24,72,103],"been":[25,104],"often":[26],"observed":[27,105],"that":[28,106],"traditional":[29],"approximate":[30,62,109],"hardware":[31],"tends":[32],"either":[34],"provide":[35],"unacceptable":[36],"results":[37],"or":[38],"leads":[39],"an":[41,78],"unnecessary":[42],"computational":[43],"effort.":[44],"Quality":[45],"scalable":[46,61],"configurations":[47],"can":[48,84],"overcome":[49],"these":[50],"limitations.":[51],"With":[52],"same":[54],"motivation,":[55],"we":[56,132],"propose":[57],"a":[58,139],"low-power":[59],"quality":[60],"multiplier":[63,71],"(LPQ-SAM)":[64],"in":[65,107],"this":[66],"paper.":[67],"This":[68],"low":[69],"power":[70,118],"various":[73],"reconfigurable":[75],"modes,":[76],"including":[77],"accurate":[79],"one":[80],"thus,":[82],"be":[85],"used":[86],"for":[87,97],"both":[88],"error-resilient":[89],"exact":[91,123],"applications.":[92],"LPQ-SAM":[93,137],"is":[94],"exhaustively":[95],"tested":[96],"different":[98],"error":[99],"metrics":[100],"mode,":[110],"provides":[112],"up":[113],"19%":[115],"55%":[117],"reduction":[119],"compared":[120],"Booth":[124],"Wallace":[126],"multipliers,":[127],"respectively.":[128],"For":[129],"illustration":[130],"purposes,":[131],"demonstrated":[133],"effectiveness":[135],"real-time":[140],"application,":[141],"i.e.,":[142],"image":[143],"masking.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
