{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2346609506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616501048","title":"Particle Swarm Optimization Design of Low-Power Multistage Amplifier using <i>g</i><sub>m</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>D</sub> Methodology","display_name":"Particle Swarm Optimization Design of Low-Power Multistage Amplifier using <i>g</i><sub>m</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>D</sub> Methodology","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2346609506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616501048","mag":"2346609506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126616501048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616501048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069878821","display_name":"Gengyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6990-5041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6990-5041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008347345","display_name":"Xia Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-2396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051428047","display_name":"Jiangtao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1162-6562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiangtao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025807838","display_name":"Kaiming Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-0580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiming Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018662039","display_name":"Zhiyuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-6222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051428047"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02972858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"09","first_page":"1650104","last_page":"1650104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6834093332290649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5162506103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5051761269569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43924835324287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4218237102031708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41403326392173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3569970726966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19087892770767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11000651121139526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6834093332290649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5162506103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5051761269569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43924835324287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4218237102031708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41403326392173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3569970726966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19087892770767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11000651121139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126616501048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616501048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7443256571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61274021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78437532","https://openalex.org/W1530621902","https://openalex.org/W1568895036","https://openalex.org/W1941507054","https://openalex.org/W1964239621","https://openalex.org/W1973537145","https://openalex.org/W1978112103","https://openalex.org/W1991480244","https://openalex.org/W2001658805","https://openalex.org/W2004391179","https://openalex.org/W2005383742","https://openalex.org/W2028334174","https://openalex.org/W2031559501","https://openalex.org/W2044500638","https://openalex.org/W2081581042","https://openalex.org/W2092219940","https://openalex.org/W2112708623","https://openalex.org/W2113127220","https://openalex.org/W2121456807","https://openalex.org/W2123066915","https://openalex.org/W2127886717","https://openalex.org/W2141776905","https://openalex.org/W2167034725","https://openalex.org/W2337814002","https://openalex.org/W2475898412","https://openalex.org/W2495009916","https://openalex.org/W4230073927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W3204141294","https://openalex.org/W4386230336","https://openalex.org/W4306968100","https://openalex.org/W2171986175","https://openalex.org/W2089791793","https://openalex.org/W2038858740","https://openalex.org/W2109445684","https://openalex.org/W2135814299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"design":[1,49,118,196],"flow":[2],"using":[3,94],"the":[4,12,22,30,43,57,61,66,75,99,107,116,131,139,143,159,187,190,199,203,209,221,225,238,248],"[Formula:":[5,34,103,110],"see":[6,8,35,37,88,90,104,111,172,176,227,229,240,242],"text]/[Formula:":[7,36],"text]":[9,38,105],"methodology":[10,39,222],"with":[11,169],"adaptive":[13,62],"particle":[14],"swarm":[15],"optimization":[16,129],"(PSO)":[17],"algorithm":[18,64],"is":[19,40],"proposed":[20],"for":[21,198],"modern":[23],"analog":[24,250],"circuit":[25],"in":[26,50,84,124,224,247],"this":[27,113],"paper.":[28],"For":[29],"advanced":[31],"CMOS":[32,92,231,244],"process,":[33,232,245],"suitable":[41],"to":[42,237],"long":[44],"channel":[45,48],"and":[46,70,82,96,106,134,142,155,165,174,185,208],"short":[47],"all":[51],"transistor":[52],"operation":[53],"regions.":[54],"Different":[55],"from":[56],"classical":[58],"PSO":[59,63],"algorithm,":[60],"features":[65],"better":[67],"search":[68],"efficiency":[69],"faster":[71],"convergence":[72],"speed":[73],"over":[74],"global":[76],"search.":[77],"Two":[78],"amplifiers":[79],"were":[80],"designed":[81],"implemented":[83],"a":[85],"standard":[86],"0.11[Formula:":[87,239],"text][Formula:":[89,228,241],"text]m":[91,230,243],"process":[93],"MATLAB":[95],"HSPICE.":[97],"Using":[98],"thermal":[100],"noise":[101,117,207],"coefficient":[102],"corner":[108],"frequency":[109],"text],":[112],"paper":[114],"explored":[115],"budget":[119],"of":[120,130,150,189],"low-power":[121],"multistage":[122],"amplifier":[123],"different":[125],"saturation":[126],"modes.":[127],"Detailed":[128],"objective":[132],"function":[133],"constraints":[135],"are":[136,152,161],"classified":[137],"into":[138],"mono-objective":[140],"case":[141],"multi-objective":[144],"case.":[145],"The":[146],"total":[147],"running":[148,183],"times":[149],"simulations":[151],"5649":[153],"s":[154,157],"6813":[156],"while":[158],"errors":[160],"less":[162],"than":[163],"9%":[164],"10%,":[166],"respectively.":[167],"Compared":[168],"CODE,":[170],"GA[Formula:":[171],"text]PF":[173,177],"DE[Formula:":[175],"algorithms,":[178],"it":[179,193],"can":[180,220],"save":[181],"more":[182,195],"time":[184],"improve":[186],"accuracy":[188],"design.":[191],"Moreover,":[192],"provides":[194],"freedom":[197],"trade-off":[200],"among":[201],"gain,":[202],"gain-bandwidth":[204],"(GBW)":[205],"product,":[206],"phase":[210],"margin":[211],"under":[212],"worst":[213],"cases":[214],"without":[215],"extra":[216],"tweaking.":[217],"Not":[218],"only":[219],"work":[223],"0.18[Formula:":[226],"but":[233],"also":[234],"be":[235],"migrated":[236],"even":[246],"nanometer":[249],"circuit.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}