{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153464910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500182","title":"ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF FPGA IMPLEMENTATIONS OF SPATIAL STEGANOGRAPHY METHODS","display_name":"ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF FPGA IMPLEMENTATIONS OF SPATIAL STEGANOGRAPHY METHODS","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153464910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500182","mag":"2153464910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126614500182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009006174","display_name":"Bassam J. Mohd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-1740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BASSAM J. MOHD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059809226","display_name":"Thaier Hayajneh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-1499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"THAIER HAYAJNEH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041607429","display_name":"Sa\u2019ed Abed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-9316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SA'ED ABED","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089649923","display_name":"Awni Itradat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AWNI ITRADAT","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84600318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"02","first_page":"1450018","last_page":"1450018"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8146917819976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.7350815534591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6738991737365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-significant-bit","display_name":"Least significant bit","score":0.6222519874572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6169356107711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5034369826316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.48729121685028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.44781118631362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.425864040851593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.42290911078453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4117628335952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3779488801956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.34947943687438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29049983620643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24872800707817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12029087543487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10135456919670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07286930084228516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8146917819976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.7350815534591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6738991737365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4305246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3885225","display_name":"Least significant bit","level":2,"score":0.6222519874572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6169356107711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5034369826316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.48729121685028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154579607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373850","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.44781118631362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.425864040851593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.42290911078453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4117628335952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3779488801956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.34947943687438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29049983620643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24872800707817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12029087543487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10135456919670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07286930084228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218126614500182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167602672","display_name":"Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers","issn_l":"0218-1266","issn":["0218-1266","1793-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154544624","https://openalex.org/W1558179186","https://openalex.org/W1955882805","https://openalex.org/W1980511588","https://openalex.org/W1983828985","https://openalex.org/W2007022373","https://openalex.org/W2028197392","https://openalex.org/W2030601587","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2040296528","https://openalex.org/W2050920760","https://openalex.org/W2074995973","https://openalex.org/W2103228545","https://openalex.org/W2106486235","https://openalex.org/W2116295973","https://openalex.org/W2125735038","https://openalex.org/W2126008770","https://openalex.org/W2134505652","https://openalex.org/W2138760583","https://openalex.org/W2142796063","https://openalex.org/W2158555004","https://openalex.org/W2160108315","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2335670735","https://openalex.org/W3142067920","https://openalex.org/W4252813286","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W245954283","https://openalex.org/W2384931713","https://openalex.org/W2379234696","https://openalex.org/W2726002167","https://openalex.org/W2098788570","https://openalex.org/W2075420991","https://openalex.org/W19858589","https://openalex.org/W2132475369","https://openalex.org/W2022546334","https://openalex.org/W2548912181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Steganography":[0],"has":[1,118],"become":[2],"an":[3,26],"important":[4],"method":[5,117],"for":[6,29,162,167],"concealed":[7],"communication":[8],"especially":[9],"through":[10],"image":[11],"files.":[12],"Recent":[13],"proposed":[14],"steganographic":[15],"methods":[16],"employ":[17],"multiple":[18],"levels":[19],"of":[20,38,48,52,92,124,134,152],"complex":[21,86,157],"techniques.":[22],"Hence,":[23],"there":[24],"is":[25,41,147,160],"increasing":[27],"significance":[28],"hardware":[30,50,163],"implementation":[31],"and":[32,44,66,83,103,110,129,149,165],"its":[33],"performance":[34,47,90,159],"metrics.":[35],"The":[36],"objective":[37],"this":[39],"article":[40],"to":[42,74,137,141,155],"analyze":[43],"model":[45,136,154],"the":[46,89,93,101,115,119,126,132,135,139,150,153],"FPGA":[49,94],"implementations":[51,95],"several":[53],"spatial":[54],"steganography":[55],"methods,":[56],"including:":[57],"least":[58],"significant":[59],"bit":[60,146],"(LSB),":[61],"random":[62,104],"LSB,":[63],"mix-bit":[64,116],"LSB":[65],"texture":[67],"method.":[68],"This":[69],"paper":[70],"presents":[71],"innovative":[72],"models":[73],"estimate":[75],"energy-to-embed-secret-bit,":[76],"peak":[77],"signal-to-noise-ratio":[78],"(PSNR)":[79],"energy":[80,127,140],"cost,":[81],"power":[82,111],"resources":[84,107,164],"in":[85,122],"systems.":[87],"Examining":[88],"results":[91,121],"shows":[96],"that":[97],"embedding":[98,105],"misalignment":[99],"degrades":[100],"performance,":[102],"increases":[106],"by":[108,112],"43%":[109],"13%.":[113],"Furthermore,":[114],"best":[120],"terms":[123],"balancing":[125],"consumption":[128],"PSNR.":[130],"Moreover,":[131],"accuracy":[133,151],"predict":[138,156],"embed":[142],"a":[143],"single":[144],"secret":[145],"2%,":[148],"system":[158],"1%":[161],"16.6%":[166],"power.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}