{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981012585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001494000632","title":"AN ALGORITHM FOR MATCHING OCR-GENERATED TEXT STRINGS","display_name":"AN ALGORITHM FOR MATCHING OCR-GENERATED TEXT STRINGS","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981012585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001494000632","mag":"1981012585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001494000632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001494000632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105513332","display_name":"Stephen V. Rice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3489-8459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"STEPHEN V. RICE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081882955","display_name":"Junichi Kanai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JUNICHI KANAI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109089515","display_name":"Thomas A. Nartker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"THOMAS A. NARTKER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10793698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"08","issue":"05","first_page":"1259","last_page":"1268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substring","display_name":"Substring","score":0.9442323446273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.7849299907684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.686512291431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.6303234100341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-searching-algorithm","display_name":"String searching algorithm","score":0.539949893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5331054925918579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4939642548561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4923323392868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47987428307533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edit-distance","display_name":"Edit distance","score":0.47858428955078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.477719783782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximate-string-matching","display_name":"Approximate string matching","score":0.4692646861076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4443361163139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42786893248558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36407470703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.34407317638397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14417028427124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.09983277320861816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182407805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2626534","display_name":"Substring","level":3,"score":0.9442323446273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.7849299907684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.686512291431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6303234100341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7757238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374040","display_name":"String searching algorithm","level":3,"score":0.539949893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5331054925918579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4939642548561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4923323392868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47987428307533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44359876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5338467","display_name":"Edit distance","level":2,"score":0.47858428955078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.477719783782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32610155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798621","display_name":"Approximate string matching","level":3,"score":0.4692646861076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4443361163139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42786893248558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36407470703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.34407317638397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14417028427124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.09983277320861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001494000632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001494000632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2298204719","https://openalex.org/W1564013439","https://openalex.org/W52396946","https://openalex.org/W2395807140","https://openalex.org/W2399644331","https://openalex.org/W2902482624","https://openalex.org/W3112977702","https://openalex.org/W2376315482","https://openalex.org/W2366227422","https://openalex.org/W2218650848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"optical":[1],"character":[2],"recognition":[3,20],"(OCR)":[4],"devices":[5,37],"process":[6],"the":[7,85,102],"same":[8],"page":[9,23],"image,":[10],"they":[11],"generate":[12],"similar":[13],"text":[14,25],"strings.":[15],"Differences":[16],"are":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,77,96,100,108],"errors.":[21],"A":[22],"of":[24,54,87,104],"rarely":[26],"contains":[27],"long":[28,44],"repeated":[29],"substrings;":[30],"therefore,":[31],"N":[32],"strings":[33,55],"generated":[34],"by":[35,42],"OCR":[36,98,105],"can":[38],"be":[39,78],"quickly":[40],"matched":[41],"detecting":[43],"common":[45],"substrings.":[46],"An":[47],"algorithm":[48,91],"for":[49],"matching":[50],"an":[51],"arbitrary":[52],"number":[53],"based":[56],"on":[57],"this":[58],"principle":[59],"is":[60,66,84],"presented.":[61],"Although":[62],"its":[63,70],"worst-case":[64],"performance":[65,71],"O(Nn":[67,79],"2":[68],"),":[69],"in":[72],"practice":[73],"has":[74,92],"been":[75,93],"observed":[76],"log":[80],"n),":[81],"where":[82],"n":[83],"length":[86],"a":[88,110],"string.":[89],"This":[90],"successfully":[94],"used":[95],"study":[97],"errors,":[99],"determine":[101],"accuracy":[103],"devices,":[106],"and":[107],"implement":[109],"voting":[111],"algorithm.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
