{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024878562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001493000121","title":"DKRL \u2014 AN OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGE TO SUPPORT PROBLEM SOLVING IN DISTRIBUTED BLACKBOARD SYSTEMS","display_name":"DKRL \u2014 AN OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGE TO SUPPORT PROBLEM SOLVING IN DISTRIBUTED BLACKBOARD SYSTEMS","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024878562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001493000121","mag":"2024878562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001493000121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001493000121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065755762","display_name":"Manoj Saxena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0385-6731"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MANOJ K. SAXENA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecknowledge Consultants, Shinghal Building, Sadar Bazar, Delhi Cantt-110010, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecknowledge Consultants, Shinghal Building, Sadar Bazar, Delhi Cantt-110010, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001014719","display_name":"K. K. Biswas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-9449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.K. BISWAS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110016, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110016, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006039212","display_name":"P.C.P. Bhatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7356-4868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.C.P. BHATT","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110016, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110016, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70235509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"07","issue":"02","first_page":"221","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8477112054824829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackboard","display_name":"Blackboard (design pattern)","score":0.8129247426986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackboard-system","display_name":"Blackboard system","score":0.7130067348480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6635550260543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.6472004652023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6164278984069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5474010109901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-based-systems","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","score":0.5369017124176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5301559567451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-passing","display_name":"Message passing","score":0.5129199028015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5035344958305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.480660080909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-agent","display_name":"Intelligent agent","score":0.47314250469207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-object","display_name":"Distributed object","score":0.46944141387939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44525793194770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-model","display_name":"Internal model","score":0.4352377653121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-knowledge","display_name":"Distributed knowledge","score":0.4292190968990326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3876817226409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2654804587364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.206572026014328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2015267312526703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14244547486305237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8477112054824829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778308757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23601418","display_name":"Blackboard (design pattern)","level":2,"score":0.8129247426986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157273737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753023","display_name":"Blackboard system","level":3,"score":0.7130067348480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6635550260543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.6472004652023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6164278984069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5474010109901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.5369017124176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5301559567451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C854659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859284","display_name":"Message passing","level":2,"score":0.5129199028015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5035344958305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.480660080909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74072328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142726","display_name":"Intelligent agent","level":2,"score":0.47314250469207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81192388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283169","display_name":"Distributed object","level":3,"score":0.46944141387939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44525793194770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28427503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13580300","display_name":"Internal model","level":3,"score":0.4352377653121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779086853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283157","display_name":"Distributed knowledge","level":2,"score":0.4292190968990326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3876817226409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2654804587364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.206572026014328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2015267312526703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14244547486305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001493000121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001493000121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126378907","https://openalex.org/W2104702763","https://openalex.org/W2373661049","https://openalex.org/W2052056504","https://openalex.org/W1710368264","https://openalex.org/W1936892995","https://openalex.org/W2366848902","https://openalex.org/W2159189872","https://openalex.org/W2107404007","https://openalex.org/W37585371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"distributed":[1,94,109,248],"problem":[2,41,81,100],"solving":[3,42,82,101],"systems,":[4],"there":[5],"is":[6,29,47,88,103,277],"a":[7,99,106,125,128,131,134,137,144,182,300],"need":[8],"to":[9,17,24,31,49,54,117,211],"define":[10],"knowledge":[11,28,46,58,75,77,126,230,234],"at":[12,176],"two":[13],"levels,":[14],"one":[15,174],"external":[16],"the":[18,21,25,40,51,55,60,72,80,119,148,155,177,194,219,226,229,233,237,247,259,268,284,297],"agents":[19,35,70,112,149],"and":[20,36,65,79,136,154,180,217,232,265,273,288],"other":[22,69],"internal":[23,45],"agents.":[26,56,190],"External":[27,57],"required":[30,48],"achieve":[32],"cooperation":[33],"among":[34,157,189],"global":[37],"convergence":[38],"of":[39,62,108,124,143,196,202,236,246,271,287,299],"process,":[43],"whereas":[44],"solve":[50,118],"sub-problems":[52],"assigned":[53],"specifies":[59,76],"role":[61],"each":[63,85],"agent":[64,122,163],"its":[66],"relationship":[67,156],"with":[68,200,283,291],"in":[71,164,228,293],"system.":[73],"Internal":[74],"structure":[78],"process":[83],"within":[84],"agent.":[86,238],"DKRL":[87,98,140,206,253,272,292],"an":[89,244],"object-oriented":[90,208],"language":[91],"for":[92,186,214,251,296],"describing":[93],"blackboard":[95,249],"systems.":[96],"In":[97,239],"system":[102,215],"described":[104],"as":[105,114,256,258],"collection":[107],"intelligent,":[110],"autonomous":[111],"(modelled":[113],"objects),":[115],"cooperating":[116],"problem.":[120,303],"An":[121,162],"consists":[123],"base,":[127],"behaviour":[129],"part,":[130],"local":[132],"controller,":[133],"monitor,":[135],"communication":[138],"controller.":[139],"has":[141],"characteristics":[142],"dynamic":[145],"nature,":[146],"i.e.":[147],"can":[150],"be":[151,169,212],"created":[152],"dynamically":[153],"them":[158],"also":[159,263],"changes":[160],"dynamically.":[161],"DKRL\u2019s":[165],"computational":[166],"model":[167,192,231],"cannot":[168],"activated":[170],"by":[171,221,279],"more":[172],"than":[173],"message":[175,187,204],"same":[178],"time":[179],"uses":[181],"virtual":[183],"synchrony":[184],"environment":[185],"transmission":[188],"This":[191],"combines":[193],"advantages":[195],"remote":[197],"procedure":[198],"calls":[199],"those":[201],"asynchronous":[203],"passing.":[205],"allows":[207],"programming":[209],"techniques":[210],"used":[213],"development":[216,220,298],"facilitates":[218],"allowing":[222],"one-to-one":[223],"mapping":[224],"between":[225],"objects":[227],"base":[235],"this":[240],"paper,":[241],"we":[242],"give":[243],"overview":[245],"paradigm":[250],"which":[252],"was":[254],"developed":[255],"well":[257],"design":[260],"considerations.":[261],"We":[262,281],"propose":[264],"formally":[266],"describe":[267],"underlying":[269],"models":[270],"explain":[274],"how":[275],"concurrency":[276],"exploited":[278],"DKRL.":[280],"conclude":[282],"current":[285],"status":[286],"preliminary":[289],"experience":[290],"using":[294],"it":[295],"gate":[301],"assignment":[302]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}