{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128784753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001426560069","title":"The State of Virtual Reality in Higher Education: A\u00a0Bibliometric Visual Analysis Based on\u00a0CiteSpace","display_name":"The State of Virtual Reality in Higher Education: A\u00a0Bibliometric Visual Analysis Based on\u00a0CiteSpace","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128784753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001426560069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001426560069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001426560069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125972473","display_name":"Xiaojing Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336834208","display_name":"Management and Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/027zr9y17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336834208"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117020","display_name":"Nantong Science and Technology Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/02tx34m84","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117020"]}],"countries":["CN","MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojing Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Graduate Studies, Postgraduate Centre, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","School of Yonyou Digital and Intelligence, Nantong Institute of Technology, Nantong, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4277-4328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Graduate Studies, Postgraduate Centre, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336834208"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Yonyou Digital and Intelligence, Nantong Institute of Technology, Nantong, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210117020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125922849","display_name":"Md Gapar Md Johar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336834208","display_name":"Management and Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/027zr9y17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336834208"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Gapar Md Johar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering and Digital Innovation Center, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering and Digital Innovation Center, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336834208"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125958363","display_name":"Jacquline Tham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336834208","display_name":"Management and Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/027zr9y17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336834208"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacquline Tham","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Graduate Studies, Postgraduate Centre, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Graduate Studies, Postgraduate Centre, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336834208"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125972473"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336834208","https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210117020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24464041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"08","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.5185999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.5185999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13903","display_name":"Innovative Educational Techniques","score":0.04960000142455101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14182","display_name":"Technology-Enhanced Education Studies","score":0.048700001090765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6811000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5291000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-simulation","display_name":"Instructional simulation","score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publishing","display_name":"Publishing","score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-campus","display_name":"Virtual campus","score":0.38960000872612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6811000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6223000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5291000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178624890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056636","display_name":"Instructional simulation","level":3,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151719136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3972943","display_name":"Publishing","level":2,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781236532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5573943","display_name":"Virtual campus","level":2,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178315738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603441","display_name":"Bibliometrics","level":2,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206776904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389","display_name":"Mixed reality","level":3,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36727532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861399","display_name":"Educational research","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185578843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10609775","display_name":"Information visualization","level":3,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020774429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201886","display_name":"Web of science","level":3,"score":0.26019999384880066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001426560069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001426560069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49534207582473755,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090735768","https://openalex.org/W2172146914","https://openalex.org/W3127059085","https://openalex.org/W4281565499","https://openalex.org/W4294176139","https://openalex.org/W4310591877","https://openalex.org/W4312746721","https://openalex.org/W4315489672","https://openalex.org/W4315797991","https://openalex.org/W4362469206","https://openalex.org/W4362617609","https://openalex.org/W4384997845","https://openalex.org/W4387810249","https://openalex.org/W4388538764","https://openalex.org/W4388895439","https://openalex.org/W4390707404","https://openalex.org/W4390872118","https://openalex.org/W4401615170","https://openalex.org/W4402430754","https://openalex.org/W4402490822","https://openalex.org/W4403537350","https://openalex.org/W4404025460","https://openalex.org/W4407778229","https://openalex.org/W4408614350"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,11,36,55,68,172,227],"conduct":[4,69],"bibliometric":[5],"and":[6,20,57,74,106,124,132,148,188,217,236],"visual":[7],"analysis":[8,76],"using":[9],"CiteSpace":[10,63],"systematically":[12],"sort":[13],"out":[14],"the":[15,28,40,49,52,85,133,143,149,165,204,211,229,237],"research":[16,159,192,219],"state,":[17],"hot":[18],"topics,":[19],"development":[21],"trends":[22],"of":[23,30,42,87,100,151,167,207,232,239],"virtual":[24],"reality":[25],"(VR)":[26],"in":[27,169],"field":[29,114],"higher":[31,58,170,208],"education":[32,59,171],"from":[33,164],"January":[34],"2005":[35],"June":[37],"2025.":[38],"Taking":[39],"Web":[41],"Science":[43],"(WoS)":[44],"Core":[45],"Collection":[46],"database":[47],"as":[48,142,176],"data":[50],"source,":[51],"literature":[53],"related":[54],"VR":[56,168,196,233],"was":[60,66],"retrieved.":[61],"The":[62,109,127,158,191],"6.4.R1":[64],"software":[65],"used":[67],"cooperative":[70],"analysis,":[71,73],"co-occurrence":[72,99],"co-citation":[75,96],"on":[77,220],"1100":[78],"highly":[79],"cited":[80],"English":[81],"articles.":[82],"We":[83],"constructed":[84],"graphs":[86],"publishing":[88],"trends,":[89],"national":[90],"cooperation,":[91,93,95],"institutional":[92],"author":[94],"by":[97],"authors,":[98],"keywords,":[101],"keyword":[102,104,107],"clustering,":[103],"time,":[105],"emergence.":[108],"results":[110,193],"show":[111],"that":[112,195],"this":[113],"has":[115,197],"gone":[116],"through":[117],"three":[118],"stages:":[119],"Nascent":[120],"exploration,":[121],"rapid":[122],"development,":[123],"deepening":[125],"integration.":[126],"United":[128,134],"States,":[129],"China,":[130],"Spain,":[131],"Kingdom":[135],"are":[136],"leading":[137],"countries,":[138],"with":[139],"institutions":[140],"such":[141,175],"Florida":[144],"State":[145],"University":[146,150],"system":[147],"Hong":[152],"Kong":[153],"playing":[154],"a":[155],"core":[156],"role.":[157],"hotspots":[160],"have":[161],"gradually":[162],"shifted":[163],"application":[166],"key":[173],"areas":[174],"learning":[177,182,184],"outcome":[178],"evaluation,":[179],"technology":[180],"acceptance,":[181],"motivation,":[183],"effectiveness,":[185],"user":[186],"experience,":[187],"educational":[189,221,234],"equity.":[190],"confirm":[194],"become":[198],"an":[199],"important":[200],"driving":[201],"force":[202],"for":[203],"digital":[205],"transformation":[206],"education.":[209],"In":[210],"future,":[212],"multi-disciplinary":[213],"integration,":[214],"international":[215],"collaboration,":[216],"empirical":[218],"psychological":[222],"effects":[223],"should":[224],"be":[225],"strengthened":[226],"promote":[228],"deep":[230],"integration":[231],"applications":[235],"improvement":[238],"teaching":[240],"effectiveness.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-24T06:01:54.638496","created_date":"2026-02-14T00:00:00"}