{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164394845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001421590357","title":"Radar Waveform Design Based on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Radar Waveform Design Based on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164394845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001421590357","mag":"3164394845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001421590357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001421590357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088268888","display_name":"Qingpei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2816-3180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingpei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Optics, Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Optics, Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100848779","display_name":"Zhuangzhi Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuangzhi Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Optics, Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Optics, Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452654","display_name":"Han Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-3763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 54th Research Institute of China, Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 05003, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 54th Research Institute of China, Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 05003, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008141914","display_name":"Jian Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3302-4477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Optics, Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Optics, Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634650","display_name":"Zhao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-1208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Optics, Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Optics, Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100848779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183006215","https://openalex.org/I4210163363"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4743,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95800172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"10","first_page":"2159035","last_page":"2159035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13371","display_name":"Military Defense Systems Analysis","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.9335957169532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8877171277999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7289122343063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7228115797042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.5320571064949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"Mutual information","score":0.5307557582855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5070948600769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.46780943870544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35984161496162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3213452100753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12861859798431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10799732804298401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.9335957169532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8877171277999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7289122343063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7228115797042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.5320571064949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.5307557582855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5070948600769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46780943870544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35984161496162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3213452100753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12861859798431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10799732804298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001421590357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001421590357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206679605","https://openalex.org/W1900456707","https://openalex.org/W1966934949","https://openalex.org/W2104600812","https://openalex.org/W2137632745","https://openalex.org/W2138356751","https://openalex.org/W2143556900","https://openalex.org/W2161445862","https://openalex.org/W2170366951","https://openalex.org/W2809541537","https://openalex.org/W2889157317","https://openalex.org/W2963117122","https://openalex.org/W2963207437","https://openalex.org/W2981038142","https://openalex.org/W3082056562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2129841057","https://openalex.org/W3040712279","https://openalex.org/W2364769705","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2056136368","https://openalex.org/W2038908348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0,142],"the":[1,23,26,45,74,85,90,95,104,109,114,119,122,143,151,156,175],"actual":[2],"combat":[3],"background,":[4],"prior":[5,18],"information":[6,19,106,153],"on":[7,17,38,50,126],"radar":[8,51],"targets":[9],"has":[10],"great":[11],"uncertainty.":[12],"The":[13,48,87],"waveform":[14,36,123],"designed":[15,124],"based":[16,37,125],"does":[20],"not":[21],"meet":[22],"requirements":[24],"for":[25,33,60],"estimation":[27,54,177],"of":[28,89,103,116,121,139,145,162,179],"parameter.":[29],"Thus,":[30],"an":[31,69],"algorithm":[32,96,157,168],"designing":[34],"a":[35,58,98],"reinforcement":[39,62,128],"learning":[40,129],"is":[41,55,130,158,169],"proposed":[42],"to":[43,172],"solve":[44],"above-mentioned":[46],"problem.":[47],"problem":[49],"target":[52,180],"parameter":[53,176],"modeled":[56],"as":[57,68],"framework":[59],"multi-agent":[61,127],"learning.":[63],"Each":[64],"frequency":[65],"band":[66],"acts":[67],"agent,":[70],"collectively":[71],"interacts":[72],"with":[73],"environment,":[75],"independently":[76],"receives":[77],"observation":[78],"results,":[79],"shares":[80],"rewards,":[81],"and":[82,149],"constantly":[83],"updates":[84],"Q-network.":[86],"results":[88],"simulation":[91,117],"experiments":[92],"indicate":[93],"that":[94,138,161],"exhibits":[97],"significant":[99],"improvement":[100],"in":[101],"terms":[102],"mutual":[105,152],"obtained":[107,154],"using":[108],"water":[110,163],"injection":[111,164],"method.":[112,165],"In":[113],"case":[115],"experiment,":[118],"SINR":[120],"more":[131],"than":[132,137,160],"3[Formula:":[133],"see":[134],"text]dB":[135],"higher":[136],"LFM":[140],"waveform.":[141],"condition":[144],"different":[146],"time":[147],"width":[148],"power,":[150],"by":[155],"better":[159],"Moreover,":[166],"such":[167],"also":[170],"found":[171],"effectively":[173],"improve":[174],"performance":[178],"detection.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
