{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199719302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001421500336","title":"Multi-Feature Broad Learning System for Image Classification","display_name":"Multi-Feature Broad Learning System for Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199719302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001421500336","mag":"3199719302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001421500336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001421500336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448099","display_name":"Ran Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-0594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102014139","display_name":"Yaqiong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4786-5808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqiong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4786-5808","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080063067","display_name":"Yang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2066-1992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074679809","display_name":"Xi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9223-0302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109976673","display_name":"Shanshan Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanshan Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442810","display_name":"Feifei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-2053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015453961","display_name":"Lin Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2110-5368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154480","display_name":"Chongqing Cancer Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/047d8yx24","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154480","https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8396,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79038252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"15","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7872239351272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7846235036849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7501016855239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7171642780303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.7163158655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6310131549835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5656996965408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.52489173412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4333329200744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11564940214157104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7872239351272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7846235036849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7501016855239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7171642780303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.7163158655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6310131549835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5656996965408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.52489173412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4333329200744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11564940214157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001421500336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001421500336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3462884691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019CDYGZD004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180242331","https://openalex.org/W1790954942","https://openalex.org/W1968165193","https://openalex.org/W1986278072","https://openalex.org/W1996640396","https://openalex.org/W2012638612","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2104825706","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109506130","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2134557905","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164568552","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2738226240","https://openalex.org/W2769309986","https://openalex.org/W2890126432","https://openalex.org/W2893511333","https://openalex.org/W2895874728","https://openalex.org/W2907087292","https://openalex.org/W2907875327","https://openalex.org/W2923793675","https://openalex.org/W2935849356","https://openalex.org/W2942454403","https://openalex.org/W2945873313","https://openalex.org/W2949736877","https://openalex.org/W2953289122","https://openalex.org/W2954315015","https://openalex.org/W2954901638","https://openalex.org/W2969213789","https://openalex.org/W2975413636","https://openalex.org/W2980627566","https://openalex.org/W4234173777","https://openalex.org/W4302161581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W2905271011","https://openalex.org/W3164948662","https://openalex.org/W4289536128","https://openalex.org/W3153597579","https://openalex.org/W4298151006","https://openalex.org/W4309346246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"multi-feature":[1,30,75],"broad":[2,15],"learning":[3,16],"system":[4,17],"(MFBLS)":[5],"is":[6,24,39,72,77,115,155,178],"proposed":[7,78],"to":[8,41,117,121,158],"improve":[9,42],"the":[10,43,54,100,104,118,123,134,159,176],"image":[11],"classification":[12],"performance":[13],"of":[14,46,53,126,136],"(BLS)":[18],"and":[19,33,64,86,139,144,150,169],"its":[20,151],"variants.":[21,152],"The":[22,48,93],"model":[23],"characterized":[25],"by":[26],"two":[27],"major":[28],"characteristics:":[29],"extraction":[31,37,76],"method":[32,38,49],"parallel":[34,69],"structure.":[35,92],"Multi-feature":[36],"utilized":[40],"feature-learning":[44],"ability":[45],"BLS.":[47],"extracts":[50],"four":[51,83],"features":[52,95],"input":[55],"image,":[56],"namely":[57],"convolutional":[58,162],"feature,":[59,61],"K-means":[60],"HOG":[62],"feature":[63,84,101,105],"color":[65],"feature.":[66],"Besides,":[67,153],"a":[68,109],"architecture":[70],"that":[71,131],"suitable":[73],"for":[74,79,175],"MFBLS.":[80,127],"There":[81],"are":[82,96],"blocks":[85],"one":[87],"fusion":[88,119],"block":[89,120],"in":[90,103,166],"this":[91],"extracted":[94],"used":[97],"directly":[98],"as":[99],"nodes":[102],"block.":[106],"In":[107],"addition,":[108],"\u201cstacking":[110],"with":[111],"ridge":[112],"regression\u201d":[113],"strategy":[114],"applied":[116],"get":[122],"final":[124],"output":[125],"Experimental":[128],"results":[129],"show":[130],"MFBLS":[132],"achieves":[133],"accuracies":[135],"92.25%,":[137],"81.03%,":[138],"54.66%":[140],"on":[141,172],"SVHN,":[142],"CIFAR-10,":[143],"CIFAR-100,":[145],"respectively,":[146],"which":[147],"outperforms":[148],"BLS":[149],"it":[154],"even":[156],"superior":[157],"deep":[160,163],"network,":[161,165],"belief":[164],"both":[167],"accuracy":[168],"training":[170],"time":[171],"CIFAR-10.":[173],"Code":[174],"paper":[177],"available":[179],"at":[180],"https://github.com/threedteam/mfbls":[181],".":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
