{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2924979388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420510015","title":"One Core Task of Interpretability in Machine Learning\u00a0\u2014 Expansion of Structural Equation Modeling","display_name":"One Core Task of Interpretability in Machine Learning\u00a0\u2014 Expansion of Structural Equation Modeling","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2924979388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420510015","mag":"2924979388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001420510015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420510015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018392224","display_name":"Nina Fei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nina Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071555681","display_name":"Youlong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3706-1312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youlong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100965902","display_name":"Xuying Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuying Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018392224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02424321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"01","first_page":"2051001","last_page":"2051001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13748","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.9372000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","score":0.8952690958976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-variable","display_name":"Latent variable","score":0.808871865272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7309408187866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-model","display_name":"Causal model","score":0.6387344598770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6038033962249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"Causal inference","score":0.5375001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.528901994228363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4641374945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.4272163212299347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3282116651535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30806541442871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.2634084224700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19951751828193665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.8952690958976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.808871865272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7309408187866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.6387344598770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6038033962249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.5375001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.528901994228363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4641374945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4272163212299347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3282116651535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30806541442871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2634084224700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19951751828193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001420510015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420510015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492815834","https://openalex.org/W1638081485","https://openalex.org/W1680005662","https://openalex.org/W1964171213","https://openalex.org/W1967441381","https://openalex.org/W1970789124","https://openalex.org/W1990948184","https://openalex.org/W2003058911","https://openalex.org/W2008510080","https://openalex.org/W2036149274","https://openalex.org/W2037809753","https://openalex.org/W2064167155","https://openalex.org/W2077604719","https://openalex.org/W2086893742","https://openalex.org/W2090664364","https://openalex.org/W2092939357","https://openalex.org/W2093947494","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2103659055","https://openalex.org/W2104316038","https://openalex.org/W2115021853","https://openalex.org/W2132507555","https://openalex.org/W2141224535","https://openalex.org/W2151226328","https://openalex.org/W2339839901","https://openalex.org/W2476225450","https://openalex.org/W2496940717","https://openalex.org/W2584044794","https://openalex.org/W2596720518","https://openalex.org/W2607237349","https://openalex.org/W2622348470","https://openalex.org/W2739948317","https://openalex.org/W2772537434","https://openalex.org/W4205778870","https://openalex.org/W4243073173","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298091299","https://openalex.org/W4302423442","https://openalex.org/W6601313673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013493105","https://openalex.org/W2530578176","https://openalex.org/W4254968820","https://openalex.org/W2138020080","https://openalex.org/W2734236000","https://openalex.org/W4232115672","https://openalex.org/W1752864923","https://openalex.org/W4313635805","https://openalex.org/W2313268639","https://openalex.org/W1997484975"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Structural":[0],"equation":[1],"modeling":[2],"(SEM)":[3],"is":[4,28,45,75,96,106,143,169],"a":[5,12,19,29],"system":[6],"of":[7,10,129,150],"two":[8],"kinds":[9],"equations:":[11],"linear":[13,20],"latent":[14,25,34,39,47],"structural":[15],"model":[16,22,27,31,155,159],"(SM)":[17],"and":[18,108,119,153,161],"measurement":[21],"(MM).":[23],"The":[24,72],"structure":[26],"causal":[30,62,82,94,102,111,127],"from":[32,46,88,104],"the":[33,38,60,92,99,101,109,114,126,132],"parent":[35,49],"node":[36,50],"to":[37,51,98,145],"child":[40,54],"node.":[41,55],"Meanwhile,":[42],"MM\u2019s":[43],"link":[44],"variable":[48,53],"observed":[52,85],"However,":[56],"researchers":[57],"should":[58],"determine":[59],"initial":[61],"order":[63,95,128],"between":[64,84,113],"variables":[65,86,130],"based":[66],"on":[67],"experience":[68],"when":[69],"applying":[70],"SEM.":[71],"main":[73],"reason":[74],"that":[76],"SEM":[77,105,142,147],"does":[78],"not":[79],"fully":[80],"construct":[81],"models":[83],"(OVs)":[87],"big":[89],"data.":[90],"When":[91],"artificial":[93],"contrary":[97],"fact,":[100],"inference":[103],"doubtful,":[107],"implicit":[110],"information":[112],"OVs":[115],"cannot":[116],"be":[117],"extracted":[118],"utilized.":[120],"This":[121],"study":[122],"first":[123],"objectively":[124],"identifies":[125],"using":[131],"DirectLiNGAM":[133],"method":[134],"widely":[135],"accepted":[136],"in":[137],"recent":[138],"years.":[139],"Then":[140],"traditional":[141],"converted":[144],"expanded":[146],"(ESEM)":[148],"consisting":[149],"SM,":[151],"MM":[152],"observation":[154],"(OM).":[156],"Finally,":[157],"through":[158],"testing":[160],"debugging,":[162],"ESEM":[163],"with":[164,167],"good":[165],"fit":[166],"data":[168],"obtained.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}