{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2752308588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001418560050","title":"A Novel Semantic Approach for Multi-Ethnic Face Recognition","display_name":"A Novel Semantic Approach for Multi-Ethnic Face Recognition","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2752308588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001418560050","mag":"2752308588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001418560050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001418560050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101786267","display_name":"Zedong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5931-7114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zedong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qingling Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079789170","display_name":"Xiaodong Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2345-4155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61565387","display_name":"Dalian Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hxfx521","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian Key Lab of Digital Technology for National Culture, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian Key Lab of Digital Technology for National Culture, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101528092","display_name":"Yuangang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-0818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61565387","display_name":"Dalian Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hxfx521","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuangang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian Key Lab of Digital Technology for National Culture, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China","Research Center of Information and Control, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian Key Lab of Digital Technology for National Culture, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Information and Control, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079789170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78307345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"04","first_page":"1856005","last_page":"1856005"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7536007165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6883512139320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5916981101036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.5542027950286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.44303157925605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4194229245185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-mapping","display_name":"Semantic mapping","score":0.4143965542316437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4103505611419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3276326060295105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7536007165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6883512139320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5916981101036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.5542027950286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.44303157925605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4194229245185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775955345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449071","display_name":"Semantic mapping","level":2,"score":0.4143965542316437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4103505611419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3276326060295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001418560050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001418560050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1173585381","https://openalex.org/W1192631801","https://openalex.org/W1965914109","https://openalex.org/W1967645048","https://openalex.org/W1971737742","https://openalex.org/W1982886296","https://openalex.org/W1990499659","https://openalex.org/W1993922907","https://openalex.org/W2005539193","https://openalex.org/W2011723974","https://openalex.org/W2012576934","https://openalex.org/W2013587512","https://openalex.org/W2014433834","https://openalex.org/W2015487637","https://openalex.org/W2020170970","https://openalex.org/W2021836993","https://openalex.org/W2025216571","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2044047067","https://openalex.org/W2044057788","https://openalex.org/W2046415586","https://openalex.org/W2046604164","https://openalex.org/W2052393785","https://openalex.org/W2069165391","https://openalex.org/W2073102330","https://openalex.org/W2096171208","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2108198708","https://openalex.org/W2113341759","https://openalex.org/W2117072267","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2125127226","https://openalex.org/W2126448884","https://openalex.org/W2131987814","https://openalex.org/W2138367814","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2140609892","https://openalex.org/W2146474141","https://openalex.org/W2151231840","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2234122364","https://openalex.org/W2251972726","https://openalex.org/W2399636617","https://openalex.org/W4205392983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W2806259446","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W2894289927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,44,103,114,231],"semantic":[4,39,49,67,96,107],"concept":[5,108],"method":[6,229],"to":[7,20,38,98,112,219],"recognize":[8],"multi-ethnic":[9],"people":[10],"based":[11,166],"on":[12,130,167],"Axiomatic":[13],"fuzzy":[14],"set":[15,104],"(AFS)":[16],"theory":[17],"with":[18,193,234],"application":[19],"image":[21,185],"analysis.":[22],"There":[23],"are":[24,110],"two":[25,150],"advantages":[26],"of":[27,66,105,124,183],"the":[28,35,48,63,70,80,106,125,146,164,184,190,198],"proposed":[29,126,191,245],"approach:":[30],"(i)":[31],"It":[32,60],"can":[33,61,156,175,247],"convert":[34],"facial":[36,77,81,100,119,179],"features":[37,55,78,148,155,165,174],"concepts":[40,68,97],"and":[41,56,88,137,215,250],"in":[42,69],"such":[43,83,201],"way":[45],"we":[46,74,92,142,188],"bridge":[47],"gap":[50],"between":[51],"low":[52],"level":[53],"pixel":[54,168],"interpretable":[57],"concepts.":[58],"(ii)":[59],"implement":[62],"logical":[64],"operation":[65],"AFS":[71],"framework.":[72],"Technically,":[73],"first":[75,143],"construct":[76],"utilizing":[79],"landmarks":[82],"as":[84,202],"eyes,":[85],"nose,":[86],"mouth,":[87],"face":[89,133],"contour.":[90],"Second,":[91],"establish":[93],"some":[94,194],"corresponding":[95],"describe":[99],"features.":[101],"Finally,":[102],"rules":[109],"extracted":[111],"form":[113],"classifier":[115],"aimed":[116],"at":[117],"identifying":[118],"ethnic":[120],"attributes.":[121],"The":[122,172],"efficacy":[123],"approach":[127,192,246],"is":[128,238],"verified":[129],"Chinese":[131],"Multi-ethnic":[132],"database":[134],"(CMFD),":[135],"FEI":[136],"CK[Formula:":[138],"see":[139],"text].":[140],"Meanwhile,":[141],"demonstrate":[144],"that":[145,227],"selected":[147,173,199],"have":[149],"obvious":[151],"advantages:":[152],"(1)":[153],"these":[154,235],"achieve":[157],"better":[158],"performance":[159,233],"for":[160],"ethical":[161],"recognition":[162],"than":[163],"values":[169],"directly.":[170],"(2)":[171],"be":[176],"obtained":[177],"via":[178],"landmark":[180],"detector":[181],"regardless":[182],"resolutions.":[186],"Then,":[187],"compare":[189],"existing":[195],"classifiers":[196],"using":[197],"features,":[200],"principal":[203],"component":[204],"analysis":[205],"(PCA),":[206],"C4.5,":[207],"Decision":[208,212],"table,":[209],"Cart,":[210],"Fuzzy":[211],"Tree":[213],"(FDT)":[214],"Repeated":[216],"Incremental":[217],"Pruning":[218],"Produce":[220],"Error":[221],"Reduction":[222],"(Ripper),":[223],"extensive":[224],"experiments":[225],"show":[226],"our":[228,244],"exhibits":[230],"similar":[232],"methods,":[236],"which":[237],"demonstrated":[239],"by":[240],"Friedman":[241],"test,":[242],"however,":[243],"provide":[248],"interpretability":[249],"comprehension":[251],"capability.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
